A Conceptual Model of the Factors Affecting the Recreation and Leisure Participation of Children with Disabilities

Abstract

Participation in everyday activities is considered to be a vital part of children's development, which is related to their quality of life and future life outcomes. Research studies indicate that children with disabilities are at risk for lower participation in ordinary activities at home and in the community. This article presents a conceptual model of 11 environmental, family, and child factors that are thought to influence children's participation in recreation and leisure activities. The article outlines the existing evidence for the influence of these factors on one another and on children's participation. The review encompasses four bodies of literature: the participation of children or adults with disabilities, the risk and resilience of children facing adversity, the determinants of leisure and recreation activities, and the factors influencing physical activity and exercise. The proposed model is expected to be a useful tool for guiding future research studies and for developing policies and programs for children with disabilities and their families.

Impact of a Contextual Intervention on Child Participation and Parent Competence Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pretest–Posttest Repeated-Measures Design

“…Parent-implemented interventions involve identifying everyday activities, settings, and child interests to support child learning during everyday activities (Dunst, 2006). For example, daily routines such as dressing, eating, sleeping, car rides, and playing (Doo & Wing, 2006;Dunst et al, 2006;King et al, 2003;Shani-Adir, Rozenman, Kessel, & Engel-Yeger, 2009) can serve as intervention contexts that yield positive child outcomes (e.g., Darrah et al, 2011;Law et al, 2011). Spagnola and Fiese (2007) described the dinnertime routine to demonstrate how typical routines can be sources of predictable, repeated learning opportunities.…”

Activity Participation Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…To address the complexities associated with children's participation, both child and family factors should be considered (King et al, 2003;Law et al, 2006). Research suggests that child factors such as functional ability, communication, cognition, and physical functioning are associated with activity participation (e.g., Lepage, Noreau, & Bernard, 1998;Sloper, Turner, Knussen, & Cunningham, 1990).…”

Internet Activities During Leisure: A Comparison Between Adolescents With ADHD and Adolescents From the General Population

“…Leisure activities can provide adolescents with an opportunity to develop skills and competencies, increased physical and psychological development, and a sense of belonging. Through leisure activities, adolescents can also express their personal identity and find meaning and purpose in life (Law, 2002;King et al, 2003). However, despite the suggested importance of leisure in adolescents' lives, participation in leisure activities appears far from straightforward for adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).…”