A Concept of Rate of Food Passage Through the Gastro-Intestinal Tract

Brandt, Christine; Thacker, E. J.

doi:10.2527/jas1958.171218x

Cited by 52 publications

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“…Dried and ground samples were analyzed by neutron activation for the concentration of Co, Cr, and Yb at the Nuclear Radiation Facility at WSU. The MRT of both markers was calculated by fitting the following equation (Brandt and Thacker 1958;Sakaguchi et al 1987):…”

Section: Passage Rate Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting, rumination, digestion, and passage of fruit and leaf diets by a small ruminant, the blue duiker

Wenninger

Shipley

2000

Oecologia

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Because small ruminants (<15 kg) have a high ratio of metabolic rate to fermentation capacity, they are expected to select and require low-fiber, nutrient-dense concentrate diets. However, recent studies suggest that small ruminants may not be as limited in their digestive capacity as previously thought. In this study, we examined harvesting, rumination, digestion, and passage of three diets (domestic figs Ficus carica, fresh alfalfa Medicago sativa, and Pacific willow leaves Salix lasiandra) ranging from 10 to 50% neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) in captive blue duikers (Cephalophus monticola, 4 kg). Harvesting and rumination rates were obtained by observing and videotaping animals on each diet, and digestibility and intake were determined by conducting total collection digestion trials. We estimated mean retention time of liquid and particulate digesta by administering Co-EDTA and forages labelled with YbNO in a pulse dose and monitoring fecal output over 4 days. Duikers harvested and ruminated the fig diet faster than the alfalfa and willow diets. Likewise, they achieved higher dry matter, energy, NDF, and protein digestibility when eating figs, yet achieved a higher daily digestible energy intake on the fresh willow and alfalfa than on the figs by eating proportionately more of these forages. Duikers maintained a positive nitrogen balance on all diets, including figs, which contained only 6.3% crude protein. Mean retention time of cell wall in the duikers' digestive tract declined with increasing NDF and cellulose content of the diet. Digestibility coefficients and mean retention times of these small ruminants were virtually equivalent to those measured for ruminants two orders of magnitude larger, suggesting that they are well adapted for a mixed diet.

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Section: Passage Rate Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting, rumination, digestion, and passage of fruit and leaf diets by a small ruminant, the blue duiker

Wenninger

Shipley

2000

Oecologia

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“…Previous studies of the kinetics of feed particles in the rumen (Blaxter, Graham & Wainman, 1956;Brandt & Thacker, 1958;Garner, 1964) have made the basic assumption of steady-state flow, i.e. it has been assumed that movements of water into and out of the rumen were constant and equal, so that the volume remained constant.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Changes in the Concentrations of Micro-organisms in the Rumens of Sheep Fed Limited Diets Once Daily: WITH AN APPENDIX ON THE KINETICS OF RUMEN MICROBES AND FLOW

Warner¹

1966

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe pattern of change of concentration of different groups of microorganisms in the rumen was found to be characteristic of the group and little affected by the time of day, the nature of the diet, or the host animal. The dilution rate of rumen liquor and the rate of change of concentration of several groups of micro-organisms were measured a t intervals following feeding; this allowed calculation of the apparent specific growth rate. The changes in concentration of the ophryoscolecid ciliate protozoa, the selenomonads and the oval organism described by Eadie could be explained as the resultant of the changes in dilution rate due to the act of eating and in growth rate in response to incoming nutrients. Rates of change in concentration greater than could be accounted for on the basis of growth and dilution alone were found with the peptostreptococci, the polymastigate flagellate protozoa and the holotrich ciliate protozoa. It is suggested that the peptostreptococci underwent lysis or engulfment by other organisms and that the polymastigates became sequestered, .probably close to the rumen wall. The concentration changes of the holotrichs were more difficult t o understand, but it would appear that little division took place for some 18 hr after feeding, followed by several divisions in quick succession. The oscillospirae showed two peaks in concentration; no explanation can be offered for this.

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“…In this study, the time elapsing between the ingestion of a marked meal and its first appearance in the feces, referred to as the initial defecation time (IDT), was determined for pinnipeds. Brandt and Thacker (1958) and McDonald et al (1973) recommended using dye markers in digestion rate studies if the test animal has a simple stomach and an uncomplicated alimentary canal. Pinnipeds possess this type of digestive system (Simpson and Gardner 1972;Green 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rate of digestion in three species of pinnipeds

Helm¹

1984

Can. J. Zool.

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Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, U .S.A . 95039 Received March 22, 1983 HELM, R. C. 1984. Rate of digestion in three species of pinnipeds. Can. J . Zool. 62: 175 1 -1756.Torpid bowels or an impaction obstruction significantly retards the rate of passage of digesta in an animal and can lead to serious clinical problems. In many captive animals the approximate rate of food passage is well-known, thus allowing for rapid diagnosis and treatment if an intestinal blockage occurs. Although pinnipeds are commonly kept in captivity, the rate of passage of digesta in these animals is not known. In this study, the time period that elapsed before the initial defecation of a dye-marked meal was determined for 20 pinnipeds representing three species. This initial defecation time (IDT) serves as a good indicator of the rate of passage of digesta. The mean IDTs determined for pinnipeds were very fast averaging 5 h or less. No other medium to large carnivore or omnivore has been shown to exhibit such a rapid rate of passage. The extraordinarily fast excretion rate of these animals is even more remarkable considering that their intestine to body length ratios are among the largest in the animal kingdom. It is hypothesized that the rate of passage of digesta in pinnipeds is strongly influenced by their high metabolic rate and the high water content of their digesta.HELM, R. C. 1984. Rate of digestion in three species of pinnipeds. Can. J . Zool. 62: 175 1 -1756.Des intestins paresseux ou une occlusion retardent significativement le passage du bol alimentaire chez un animal et peuvent entrainer des problemes cliniques serieux. Chez plusieurs animaux en captivite, la vitesse approximative du passage des aliments est bien connue, ce qui permet le diagnostic et le traitement rapides d'un blocage intestinal. Bien que des pinnipedes soient souvent gardes en captiviti, la vitesse de passage des aliments chez ces animaux est demeurie inconnue. Au cours de cette etude, la duree de la Hriode entre un repas trait6 au colorant et le debut de la defication subsequente a it6 determinee chez 20 pinnipedes appartenant a trois especes. Le temps icoule vant le dibut de la defication (IDT) est un bon indicateur de la vitesse de passage des aliments. Les IDT moyens enregistres chez ces pinnipedes se sont averes tres courts, soit 5 h ou moins. Une vitesse de passage aussi rapide des aliments n'a jamais it6 enregistrie chez un omnivore ou un carnivore de taille moyenne ou grande. Ce taux particulierement rapide d'excretion est d'autant plus remarquable que chez ces animaux le rapport longueur de l'intestin : longueur totale du corps est I'un des plus eleves du monde animal. 11 est possible que la vitesse de passage du bol alimentaire chez les pinnipedes soit fortement influencee par le taux de mitabolisme ilevi de ces animaux et le contenu hydrique particulierement important de leur bol alimentaire.[Traduit par le journal]

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A Concept of Rate of Food Passage Through the Gastro-Intestinal Tract

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Harvesting, rumination, digestion, and passage of fruit and leaf diets by a small ruminant, the blue duiker

Harvesting, rumination, digestion, and passage of fruit and leaf diets by a small ruminant, the blue duiker

Diurnal Changes in the Concentrations of Micro-organisms in the Rumens of Sheep Fed Limited Diets Once Daily: WITH AN APPENDIX ON THE KINETICS OF RUMEN MICROBES AND FLOW

Rate of digestion in three species of pinnipeds

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