A Comunicação Terapêutica Com Pacientes Em Transplante De Medula Óssea: Perfil Do Comportamento Verbal E Efeito De Estratégia Educativa

Abstract

RESUMO: Buscando contribuir na aquisição de competência comunicativa, foram objetivos: verificar a utilização da comunicação terapêutica pela equipe de enfermagem e verificar o efeito de uma estratégia educativa no conhecimento sobre comunicação terapêutica. Inicialmente, com desenho descritivo, foi observado o perfil da comunicação entre 11 profissionais e 20 pacientes, considerando as categorias de comunicação terapêutica e não terapêutica. A de expressão (80,8%) foi a mais freqüente, mas ocorreram categorias não terapêuticas (13,6%). Na etapa seguinte, de desenho quase experimental, observou-se diferença significante em quatro das 22 categorias terapêuticas e em uma das 10 não terapêuticas, ao se comparar o desempenho antes e após a intervenção educativa no padrão de identificação das técnicas de comunicação usadas em simulações em vídeo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comunicação; Enfermagem; Transplante de Medula Óssea. ABSTRACT:As an attempt to contribute to the acquisition of communicative competency, this study aimed to: verify the use of therapeutic communication by the nursing team; verify the effect of an educational strategy on knowledge about therapeutic communication. Initially, using a descriptive design, the communication profile among 11 professionals and 20 patients was observed, considering the categories of therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication. Expression was the most frequent category (80.8%), but non-therapeutic categories occurred (13.6%). In the following phase, using a quasi-experimental design, a significant difference was observed in four of the 22 therapeutic and in one of the 10 non-therapeutic categories by comparing the performance before and after the educational intervention in the identification pattern of communication techniques used in video simulations.

Therapeutic communication between health workers and patients concerning diabetes mellitus care

“…This result was contrary to what was reported in the study addressing communication between nurses and patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (14) .…”

“…Even though this was the most frequently used group, only some of its techniques, such as "asking questions", "voicing interest" and "using descriptive phrases," were frequently observed. In this context, similar results were reported in studies addressing workers in the hospital environment (6,14) . (2) .…”

“…Yet, in relation to the "expression" group, the technique of "listening reflectively" was used in all consultations provided by the nurse and Nutritionist 2, corroborating the findings of a study addressing nurses in hospital service (14) . Listening reflectively is an active process that requires the concentration of attention, energy and time on the part of the professionals involved.…”

“…The techniques of the "expression" group, such as "using silence therapeutically, using phrases that are open to interpretation, repeating the last words said by the patient, returning the question asked, allowing the patient to choose the subject, verbalizing doubts, and encouraging the expression of underlying feelings", were not identified in this study and were seldom observed in another study (14) . The use of these techniques can encourage more extensive and better interactions because they facilitate the description of experiences, feelings and thoughts, enabling professionals to better known patients and, consequently, maintain interpersonal relationships more efficiently (2) .…”

“…In this context, professionals need to pay attention to the fundamentals of a full therapeutic relationship (14) and seek their own continuous qualification.…”