A computer system for stereotaxic neurosurgery

Responses of neurons in the region of human thalamic principal somatic sensory nucleus to mechanical and thermal stimuli graded into the painful range

“…First, the threedimensional frame coordinates of the anterior and posterior commissures were measured by CT scan, MRI scan, or both. A computer program then shrank or expanded the sagittal sections of the Schaltenbrand and Bailey Atlas (Schaltenbrand and Bailey, 1959) to conform to the patient's anterior commissure-posterior commissure (ACPC) line (Hawrylyshyn et al, 1976). Physiologic corroboration of anatomic loci was then performed under local anesthetic (i.e., patient fully conscious) by using single unit recording and microstimulation with a high impedance platinumiridium microelectrode (Lenz et al, 1988a).…”

“…EMG activity was routinely monitored in four muscles on the contralateral arm (Lenz et al, 1988b). Initial microelectrode trajectories targeted Vc as located on the computer-generated map described above (Hawrylyshyn et al, 1976). The microelectrode was switched to the output of an optically isolated, constant current stimulator (BSI-2 and 8PG-2, BAK Electronics, Rockville, MD).…”

Third Ventricular Width and the Thalamocapsular Border

“…Encoding of the evoked responses for computer analysis was accomplished with reference to numbered ho munculus diagrams and alphanumeric symbols as described previously [6]. By stud ying the spatial relationship of such evoked responses and the patterns of somatotopographically coded information obtained in the somatosensory system, accurate lo calization of subcortical landmarks was possible.…”

Sensory Organization of the Human Thalamus

“…A computer program has been developed based on the University of Toronto IBM 360/65 and 370/165 computers [6,19]. At the conclusion of the first stage it draws using a Calcomp plotter the sagittal diagram of the brain -based on the Schaltenbrand and Bailey Atlas [11] -that contains the expected target.…”