A Computer-Controlled Patient Simulator

Team Training/Simulation

“…4 SimOne, modeled after a 6-foot male weighing 195 pounds, was designed to teach anesthesiologists manual tasks and decision-making skills in preparation for anesthetizing real patients. Human patient simulators gained additional popularity in the late 1980s when the Comprehensive Anesthesia Simulation Environment was introduced to facilitate the assessment of anesthesiologists' decision-making and technical skills.…”

Using Computer-Controlled Interactive Manikins in Medical Education

“…Back in 1974 Michael S. Gordon of the University of Miami School of Medicine reported the development of "an animated manikin simulating 50 cardiovascular disease states" (Gordon 1974). Today Harvey (Figure 1) presents 20 disease states and includes a plastic representation of the human torso, neck and head and such diagnostic features as "synchronized bilateral arterial (carotid, brachial, radial and femoral) and jugular venous pulsations, precordial movements, respiration, blood pressure and auscultation in the four classic acoustic areas.…”

“…Sirn One was designed to provide learning experiences for anesthesiology residents (anaesthetic registrars) in the complex health-care task of endotracheal intubation and induction of anaesthesia, After its introduction in 1967, Sirn One was tested for educational effectiveness. Anesthesiology residents trained on Sim One attained predetermined levels of competence in half the time and with half the number of operating-room mistakes compared to a control group of anesthesiology residents trained in the conventional manner (Denson and Abrahamson 1969).…”

“…The earliest form in medical education, 'Sim One', was introduced in 1967 ( Demon and Abrahamson, 1969). Indeed, there are still only three simulators -'Sim One', 'Harvey' and 'Hers'which make use of a manikin and which can properly be classified as computer-controlled and interactive.…”

A multinational randomised study comparing didactic lectures with case scenario in a severe sepsis medical simulation course

“…Mannequins were used for simulation in anaesthesia training initially in the 1960s 11. In the past decade there has been a more than 10-fold increase in annual publications related to medical simulation 12.…”