“…The second step is the conceptual design step, which consists of specifying the conversion and separation operations and their sequence within the units (for example, extraction column, distillation column, and reactors) to establish a mass balance of the process (Bertran et al, 2017a, b;d'Anterroches and Gani, 2005). This step also includes the determination of operating conditions (Bechara et al, 2016a, b;Tula et al, 2017). Once the material balance between conversion and separation units is established, additional devices are introduced during the process design step, such as heat exchangers or pressure-changing devices, e.g., compressors, pumps, and pipes (Chen et al, 2011a, b).…”