A computational thermodynamics model of submerged arc electric furnace ferromanganese smelting

Vanderstaay, E. C.; Swinbourne, D. R.; Monteiro, Magna

doi:10.1179/037195504225004706

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…From Eq. [6], it is determined that each kilogram of P 2 O 5 produces 0.44 kg of P 4 and 1 kg of CO gas. The amount of P 4 and CO generated then is introduced into the model, and the amount of P 4 and CO generated is used in the determination of the energy distribution within the packed bed.…”

Section: P 2 O 5 Consumption and Gaseous Product Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DP 2 O S 5 is the amount of P 2 O 5 that reacts according to Eq. [6]. This amount of P 2 O 5 decrease in the packed bed is used to determine the volumetric mass generation rate of the gaseous product.…”

Section: P 2 O 5 Consumption and Gaseous Product Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6]. This extra gas is introduced artificially to the furnace model at the three inlet volumes (zones) underneath the electrodes as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Additional Mass Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation [6] is a first order solid-solid and solid-gas reaction, which can be modeled according to a shrinking core model. [12] In the shrinking core model, the P 2 O 5 gas in Eq.…”

Section: P 2 O 5 Consumption and Gaseous Product Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ranganathan and Godiwalla [5] used the same approach for a ferrochromium SAF to simulate the effects of bed porosity, charge preheat, and charge chemistry on the temperature profile. Vanderstaay et al [6] modeled the submerged arc electric furnace smelting using the manganese-rich slag method process by using a computational thermodynamics package. It was assumed that higher manganese and iron oxides are reduced to MnO and FeO before entering the zone where molten slags and alloys form and equilibrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Modeling and Optimization of a Submerged Arc Furnace for Phosphorus Production

Scheepers

Yang

Adema

et al. 2010

Metall Mater Trans B

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This article presents a process model of a phosphorus-producing, submerged arc furnace. The model successfully incorporates accurate, multifield thermodynamic, kinetic, and industrial data with computational flow dynamic calculations and thus further unifies the sciences of kinetics and equilibrium thermodynamics. The model is structurally three-dimensional and uses boundary conditions, initial values, and material specifications provided by industrial measurements, laboratory experiments, and a combination of empirical and thermodynamic data. It accounts for fully developed gas flows of gaseous product generated from within the packed bed; the energy associated with chemical reactions, heating, and melting, as well as thermal conductivity and the particle-particle radiation within the burden. The model proves the existence of a narrow, gas-solid reduction zone where the bulk of phosphorus is produced. It shows that fast reaction rates in this narrow reaction zone in combination with long residence times diminish the influence changing reaction rates have on the process. It indicates that most heat exchanged between the new pellets entering the furnace and the gaseous product produced in the reduction zone takes place in the top 0.5 m of the furnace bed. The gaseous product and flow information shows low and recirculating gaseous flow velocity areas that cause dust accumulation.

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Section: P 2 O 5 Consumption and Gaseous Product Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: P 2 O 5 Consumption and Gaseous Product Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6]. This extra gas is introduced artificially to the furnace model at the three inlet volumes (zones) underneath the electrodes as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Additional Mass Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation [6] is a first order solid-solid and solid-gas reaction, which can be modeled according to a shrinking core model. [12] In the shrinking core model, the P 2 O 5 gas in Eq.…”

Section: P 2 O 5 Consumption and Gaseous Product Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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