A Computational Model for the Limit Analysis of Three-Dimensional Masonry Structures

Three-dimensional limit analysis of ancient masonry buildings with rigid block models

“…(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) are the conditions that a limit analysis solution with non-associated flow rule must fulfil, see e.g. [7].…”

“…Finally, eqn. (6) guaranties that plastic flow cannot occur unless the stresses have reached the yield surface. Figure 1 shows a graphical representation of the static variables at two adjacent blocks, named i and j, and the common quadrilateral interface, k. Details about these vectors, matrices and functions for rigid block, three-dimensional models have been given elsewhere [4].…”

“…This means that the generalised stresses are, for instance, the normal and shear forces and the bending and torsion moments. Besides, Livesley [5,6], using a different approach, verified the contact at points located at the interface corners.…”

Non-Linear Kinematic Analysis of Masonry Walls Out-of-Plane Loaded. The Comparative Role of Friction Between Interlocked Walls

“…There is a wealth of reference in the literature, concerned with the limit analysis of the local failure modes in existing masonry buildings, both with or without the contribution of frictional resistances [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. These are mainly based on the static force-based approaches, leading, therefore, only to collapse load and collapse mechanism.…”

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“…Although masonry has been used in building for centuries, it is only recently that constitutive models and calculation techniques have been available that enable realistic description of the static behavior of structures made of this heterogeneous material, whose response to tension is fundamentally different from the response to compression. Thus, with the aim of determining the collapse load for masonry structures, many authors have proposed rigid blocks models with different kind of interfaces [Livesley 1978;1992b], and apply these models to the study of vaults as well [Orduña and Lourenço 2003]. The elastic-plastic model is widely adopted; see, for example, [Lourenço and Rots 1997;Lourenço et al 1998].…”