A Comprehensive Update on Retinal Vasculitis: Etiologies, Manifestations and Treatments

Agarwal, Aniruddha; Rübsam, Anne; Bonsen, Lynn Zur; Pichi, Francesco; Neri, Piergiorgio; Pleyer, Uwe

doi:10.3390/jcm11092525

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Retinal vasculitis can present as part of many different uveitis entities, including infectious, non-infectious with systemic disease, purely ocular with known phenotype or idiopathic [ 3 , 8 ]. The clinical heterogeneity of retinal vasculitis and the fact that there are no currently standard criteria for diagnosis or classification of the disease can make the assessment of retinal vasculitis challenging [ 7 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retinal vasculitis is one of the presentations of posterior uveitis [ 1 ]. The causes of retinal vasculitis are heterogenous ranging from infections such as tuberculosis [ 2 ] to systemic inflammatory diseases such as Behcet’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and sarcoidosis [ 3 , 4 ]. Retinal vasculitis can also be drug-induced or idiopathic [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of OCT and OCT angiography in retinal vasculitis

Dhirachaikulpanich

Chanthongdee

Zheng

et al. 2023

J Ophthal Inflamm Infect

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Background Retinal vasculitis is a component of uveitis for which the Standardisation of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) working group has no standard diagnostic criteria or severity grading. Fluorescein angiography is the gold standard test to assess retinal vasculitis, but is invasive and time-consuming. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides non-invasive detailed imaging of retinal structures and abnormalities, including blood vessel architecture and flow with OCT angiography (OCT-A). However, use of OCT in retinal vasculitis beyond assessing macular oedema, is not well established. We conducted a systematic review to understand the features of retinal vasculitis in OCT, Enhanced-depth imaging OCT (OCT-EDI) and OCT-A imaging. Methods The systematic search was done in March 2022 and updated in January 2023, through PubMed, EMBASE and the Web of Science database for studies related to OCT, OCT-EDI and OCT-A findings and retinal vasculitis. Bias assessment was assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist, and any findings associated with retinal vasculitis were extracted by qualitative analysis. Results We identified 20 studies, including 8 articles on OCT, 6 on OCT-EDI and 6 on OCT-A. The studies included analytical retrospective studies, case-series, and a case–control study. Five OCT studies reported secondary complications could be detected, and four reported retinal thickness alteration in retinal vasculitis. Five studies explored choroidal thickness alteration in OCT-EDI, and four explored capillary density alterations in retinal vasculitis using OCT-A. The heterogeneity in the studies’ analysis and design precluded a meta-analysis. Discussion There were no clear OCT, OCT-EDI or OCT-A findings that demonstrated potential to supersede fluorescein angiography for assessing retinal vasculitis. Some signs of macular structural effects secondary to retinal vasculitis may help prognostication for vision. The OCT signs of inflamed retinal vessels and perivascular tissue is an unexplored area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of OCT and OCT angiography in retinal vasculitis

Dhirachaikulpanich

Chanthongdee

Zheng

et al. 2023

J Ophthal Inflamm Infect

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“… 13 The pathogenesis of retinal vasculitis involves B cell activation to a foreign antigen with subsequent antibody-antigen complex creation and deposition that leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction. 2 Given that rituximab causes B cell death and attenuates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, there is a good rationale for its use in retinal vasculitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 Ophthalmic conditions associated with secondary retinal vasculitis include forms of posterior uveitis, such as birdshot chorioretinopathy, and intermediate uveitis. 2 Infectious posterior uveitis can also manifest with retinal vasculitis. Rarely, it may be a primary, idiopathic condition without uveitis or any extraocular manifestations which is termed idiopathic retinal vasculitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful treatment of idiopathic retinal vasculitis with rituximab in two patients

Apivatthakakul¹,

Liu²,

Sobrin³

2023

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

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“…Laboratory testing of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein is warranted, while biopsy of the temporal artery is the mainstay to confirm a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Hypofluorescence in the area of the active lesion in fractional anisotropy is in keeping with retinal vasculitis [ 98 ].…”

Section: Immune-mediated Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Complications of Conventional and Novel Anticancer Treatments

Alberti

Salvalaggio

Argyriou

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Various neurological complications, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system, can frequently be experienced by cancer survivors after exposure to conventional chemotherapy, but also to modern immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the most well-known adverse events related to chemotherapy, with a focus on chemotherapy induced peripheral neurotoxicity, but we also address some emerging novel clinical entities related to cancer treatment, including chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and immune-mediated adverse events. Unfortunately, efficacious curative or preventive treatment for all these neurological complications is still lacking. We provide a description of the possible mechanisms involved to drive future drug discovery in this field, both for symptomatic treatment and neuroprotection.

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A Comprehensive Update on Retinal Vasculitis: Etiologies, Manifestations and Treatments

Cited by 17 publications

References 148 publications

A systematic review of OCT and OCT angiography in retinal vasculitis

A systematic review of OCT and OCT angiography in retinal vasculitis

Successful treatment of idiopathic retinal vasculitis with rituximab in two patients

Neurological Complications of Conventional and Novel Anticancer Treatments

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