A Comprehensive Understanding of Interlayer Engineering in Layered Manganese and Vanadium Cathodes for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) hold a budding technology for large‐scale stationary energy storage devices due to their inherent safety, cost‐effectiveness, eco‐friendliness, and acceptable electrochemical performance. However, developing a cathode material with fast kinetics and durable structural stability for Zn2+ intercalation is still an arduous challenge. Compared with other cathode materials, layered manganese/vanadium (Mn/V) oxides that feature merits of adjustable interlayer spacing and considerable specific capacity have attracted much interest in AZIBs. However, the intrinsic sluggish reaction kinetics, inferior electrical conductivity, and notorious dissolution of active materials still obstruct the realization of their full potentials. Interlayer engineering of pre‐intercalation is regarded as an effective solution to overcome these problems. In this review, we start from the crystal structure and reaction mechanism of layered Mn/V oxide cathodes to critical issues and recent progress in interlayer engineering. Finally, some future perspectives are outlined for the development of high‐performance AZIBs.

Unveiling the X‐Ray Absorption Chemistry of H3.78V6O13 Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

“…The discharge capacity of H 3.78 V 6 O 13 exhibits recovery when returning to 0.1 A g –1 , indicating superior reversibility. And the performances of H 3.78 V 6 O 13 are far outperforming various previously reported cathodes (Table S2, Supporting Information), such as some of vanadium oxides, [ 24,42 ] vanadium sulfide, [ 43,44 ] hydrogen vanadium bronze, [ 45 ] vanadium‐based hybrids, [ 46,47 ] metal ion inserted vanadium oxides, [ 29,39,48,49 ] ammonium vanadate. [ 34,50 ] Further, galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) tests were performed to evaluate the long‐cycle stability of H 3.78 V 6 O 13 .…”

Chrysanthemum-like Polyaniline-Anchored PANI0.22·V2O5·0.88H2O-Hybridized Cathode for High-Stable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

“…However, when the temperature rises to 140 °C (as shown in Figure S3), independent of the amount of aniline monomer, there are obvious miscellaneous peaks in the product, corresponding to the monoclinic VO 2 (JCPDS no. 81-2392) phase, which is due to the further reduction of V 5+ at higher temperatures. , …”

“…Up to date, a variety of cathode materials, mainly Mn-based oxides, − V-based oxides, , Prussian blue analogues, and organic materials, , have been investigated to promote Zn 2+ storage capability, in which V-based oxide materials are an ideal candidate for aqueous ZIBs due to their high theoretical specific capacity, attributed to the multielectron redox reactions, and the regulable transfer channels for Zn 2+ insertion/extraction. , Nonetheless, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity, narrow interlayer spacing, and slight dissolution of vanadium in acidic/neutral electrolytes result in a compromise of the sluggish Zn 2+ diffusion kinetics and structural degradation of the V-based oxide cathodes. To tackle these problems, a series of guest ions/molecules preintercalated in V-based oxide materials are proposed to stabilize their crystal frameworks and enlarge the interlayer spacing for facile Zn 2+ diffusion.…”

Research progress of Prussian blue and its analogues for cathodes of aqueous zinc ion batteries

“…However, the average operating voltage of most V-based compounds compared to Zn/Zn 2+ is approximately 0.75 V, which prevents the attainment of high energy density. [28][29][30][31] Prussian blue and its analogues (PBAs) stand out as a class of high-voltage resistant materials. Their operating voltage range can reach 1.2 V, in addition to their simple synthesis process, low cost, and environmentally friendly characteristics.…”