A comprehensive study on production of methanol from wind energy

Sharma, Ishanee; Shah, Vrutang; Shah, Manan

doi:10.1016/j.eti.2022.102589

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In the case of e-hydrogen, favourable production pathways are through water electrolysis, specifically Alkaline and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis technologies [5]. Therefore, the energy consumption to produce a Mt of e-hydrogen is assumed to be approximately the average energy amount required for the aforementioned production methods.…”

Section: E-fuels Production Methods and Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the energy consumption to produce a Mt of e-hydrogen is assumed to be approximately the average energy amount required for the aforementioned production methods. Table 8 presents the energy requirements per produced Mt of e-hydrogen (in units of TWh/Mt) for each production method, which is calculated by dividing the energy consumption per cubic meter (minimum and maximum values obtained by [6]) with its density in normal conditions (which equals to 0.08 kg/m 3 ) [5], [6]. The total average energy demand for the production of e-hydrogen equals to 57.19 TWh/Mt.…”

Section: E-fuels Production Methods and Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shipping decarbonization: E-fuels as a potential solution and the role of resources

Yfantis,

Kleanthous,

Ktoris

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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The scope of this paper is to examine proposed e-fuels (e-hydrogen, e-ammonia, e-methanol) as alternative maritime fuels. A techno-economic analysis is conducted considering the current energy demand of the shipping sector, the solutions for decarbonisation that are based on e-fuels, and the projections and scenarios regarding the energy mix towards 2050, to meet the IMO targets. According to the current preliminary study, apart from the barriers related to technological maturity levels, applicability and safety, there are barriers related to (a) the Well-to-Wake characteristics of e-H2, e-NH3, and e-CH3OH, (b) the existing infrastructure that utilises Renewable Energy Sources and the current and projected percentage of RES in the global energy mix, and (c) the availability of resources required for the development of the infrastructure to support e-fuels’ utilisation. Estimated fuel prices in 2050 that include production and distribution costs, indicate that alternative fuels are expected to be uncompetitive. Though they become relatively competitive when carbon-price is added to production and distribution costs of fossil fuels, the Well-to-Wake Analysis of biofuels and e-fuels proves that a significant RES rump-up is required, which further requires huge capital investment costs and raw materials. Ultimately, a re-prioritisation is proposed targeting decarbonisation of “easier-to-abate” sectors before decarbonising “hard-to-abate” sectors such as shipping and aviation.

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Section: E-fuels Production Methods and Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E-fuels Production Methods and Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shipping decarbonization: E-fuels as a potential solution and the role of resources

Yfantis,

Kleanthous,

Ktoris

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is of great significance for both human survival and industrial manufacturing. − The industrial preparation of NH 3 in large quantities relies on the well-established Haber–Bosch process. , With the development of science and technology as well as the increasing awareness of environmental protection, scientists are constantly searching for alternatives to the Haber–Bosch process for NH 3 synthesis, among which, the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR), photocatalytic nitrogen reduction, and biomimetic catalysis have been developed gradually. − The advantage of the eNRR is that it can utilize all kinds of clean energy as the electrolysis power source which does not emit greenhouse gases. − In addition, the electrocatalytic system can be set up on a small scale with decentralized energy stations, and the product NH 3 is then integrated. An efficient and stable electrocatalyst is the key for the eNRR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient N₂ Reduction to NH₃ Electrocatalyzed by ZIF-67-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Supported Co₉S₈ Nanomaterials

Zhang,

Yan,

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) under ambient conditions is a promising alternative to the Haber−Bosch process, but one of the primary pending issues for the eNRR is the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts. Herein, we propose to prepare a ZIF-67-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon-supported Co 9 S 8 nanocomposite achieving the maximum average of 9.80 μg h −1 mg cat −1 NH 3 yield and the highest Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 9.89% in 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 . Moreover, Co 9 S 8 /NC shows excellent electrocatalytic stability and durability for the eNRR.

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“…For example, Hou et al have studied an integrated wind energy, electrolyzer, and hydrogen fuel cell system that can either use hydrogen for energy storage or sell it to end users, with the latter being optimal based on market conditions for electricity and green hydrogen in Denmark. Other target chemical products that have been studied include methanol − and dimethyl ether, , either of which can be used for energy storage or as a feedstock for the production of other chemicals, and whose production requires hydrogen that can be produced from wind or solar power. For example, Matzen et al have evaluated an integrated system that combines electricity from wind, hydrogen via electrolysis, carbon dioxide capture from bioethanol production, and methanol production from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Electrification of Chemical Processes Using Renewable Energy: Economic and Decarbonization Impacts

Giannikopoulos,

Skouteris,

Allen

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The contribution of renewable energy sources to the power generation portfolio has been increasing in recent years, offering new opportunities for chemical industry electrification and decarbonization. However, renewables often face challenges that may affect their optimal utilization. Wind and solar power generation are highly variable over time, which can lead to a mismatch between electricity output and demand. In this work, we aim to identify optimal ways of more efficiently using windgenerated power through the direct electrification of chemical manufacturing, specifically the replacement of fossil-based thermal heating with electricity-based heating. We implement a multiperiod, multiobjective optimization model formulated as a mixedinteger linear program (MILP). Profit and CO 2 -equivalent emissions are used as competing objectives in an effort to study the impact of variable renewable energy generation and how it can enable the shift toward lower carbon emissions in chemical manufacturing. The model's capabilities are illustrated using a process network structure involving chemical processes that can use natural gas liquids as raw materials and a wind farm for power generation. The results demonstrate that the use of renewable electricity is impactful and, through thermal electrification, provides significant CO 2 emissions reduction. The coproduction and sale of chemicals and renewable electricity are shown to further accelerate the adoption of process electrification, emphasizing the importance of sector coupling (manufacturing−power grid) in promoting decarbonization. As emission limits become stricter, a transition point is identified beyond which thermal electrification alone is insufficient to meet the emissions target, and reductions in production and/or changing the product mix is necessary to maintain an optimal profit.

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A comprehensive study on production of methanol from wind energy

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Shipping decarbonization: E-fuels as a potential solution and the role of resources

Shipping decarbonization: E-fuels as a potential solution and the role of resources

Ambient N₂ Reduction to NH₃ Electrocatalyzed by ZIF-67-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Supported Co₉S₈ Nanomaterials

Thermal Electrification of Chemical Processes Using Renewable Energy: Economic and Decarbonization Impacts

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A comprehensive study on production of methanol from wind energy

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Shipping decarbonization: E-fuels as a potential solution and the role of resources

Shipping decarbonization: E-fuels as a potential solution and the role of resources

Ambient N2 Reduction to NH3 Electrocatalyzed by ZIF-67-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Supported Co9S8 Nanomaterials

Thermal Electrification of Chemical Processes Using Renewable Energy: Economic and Decarbonization Impacts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ambient N₂ Reduction to NH₃ Electrocatalyzed by ZIF-67-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Supported Co₉S₈ Nanomaterials