A Comprehensive Study of the Use of LoRa in the Development of Smart Cities

Andrade, Roberto; Yoo, Sang Guun

doi:10.3390/app9224753

Cited by 81 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In addition, current LTE infrastructures need to be upgraded when it comes to using NB-IoT. Therefore, deploying NB-IoT is a difficult task [64,68]…”

Section: Lpwan Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Applications and Communication Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Sustainable Smart Farming

et al. 2021

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To reach the goal of sustainable agriculture, smart farming is taking advantage of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. These smart farms are designed to be run by interconnected devices and vehicles. Some enormous potentials can be achieved by the integration of different IoT technologies to achieve automated operations with minimum supervision. This paper outlines some major applications of IoT and UAV in smart farming, explores the communication technologies, network functionalities and connectivity requirements for Smart farming. The connectivity limitations of smart agriculture and it’s solutions are analysed with two case studies. In case study-1, we propose and evaluate meshed Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) gateways to address connectivity limitations of Smart Farming. While in case study-2, we explore satellite communication systems to provide connectivity to smart farms in remote areas of Australia. Finally, we conclude the paper by identifying future research challenges on this topic and outlining directions to address those challenges.

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“…In addition, current LTE infrastructures need to be upgraded when it comes to using NB-IoT. Therefore, deploying NB-IoT is a difficult task [64,68]…”

Section: Lpwan Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Applications and Communication Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Sustainable Smart Farming

et al. 2021

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“…The applicability of LoRa to Smart Cities has long been studied and researched. In [4] the authors evaluate the applicability of LoRa to Smart Cities by tracking the number of published works and the same Smart City vertical this paper addresses. From here they determined that the Waste Management is the second most addressed vertical on a Smart City by research with environment leading the table.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

LoRaWAN and Urban Waste Management – A Trial

Cruz¹,

Cota²,

Tremoceiro³

2021

Preprint

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The city of Lisbon, has any other capital of a European country, has a large number of issues while managing the waste and recycling containers spread throughout the city. This document presents the results of a study promoted by the Lisbon City Council for trialing LPWAN technology on the waste management vertical under the Lisbon Smart City initiative. Current waste management is done using GSM sensors, and the aim is to use LPWAN to reduce the costs, improve range and reduce provisioning times when changing the communications provider. After an initial study, LoRa was selected as the LPWAN of choice for the trials. The study is composed of multiple use cases at different distances, types of recycling waste containers, placements (underground and surface) and different kinds of waste level measurement LoRa sensors, deployed in order to assess the impact of the different use cases on the LoRa sensor usage. The results shown that the underground waste containers present the most difficult challenge, where the container itself imposes attenuation levels of 26dB on the link budget. The results promoted the deployment of a city wide LoRa network available to all departments inside the Lisbon City Council, and considering the network capacity the network, the network is also available to citizens to be used freely.

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“…The communication took place within a very short distance ranging from 10 m to 100 m. For example, the ranges covered by Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Zigbee are approximately 10 m, 100 m, and 10-100 m respectively. The system presented in this work uses an LoRa module that can solve the limitation of short-range communication which has attracted research attention particularly for smart city and home applications [5,6,33]. In this paper, an IoT based automation system has been designed and developed based on LoRa technology that has the potential to overcome the existing limitations with a communication range from 3 km to 12 km for developing smart home or institute.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Monitoring and Controlling of Appliances Using LoRa Based IoT System

Nur-A-Alam

Ahsan

Based

et al. 2021

Designs

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In the era of Industry 4.0, remote monitoring and controlling appliance/equipment at home, institute, or industry from a long distance with low power consumption remains challenging. At present, some smart phones are being actively used to control appliances at home or institute using Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This paper presents a novel smart automation system using long range (LoRa) technology. The proposed LoRa based system consists of wireless communication system and different types of sensors, operated by a smart phone application and powered by a low-power battery, with an operating range of 3–12 km distance. The system established a connection between an android phone and a microprocessor (ESP32) through Wi-Fi at the sender end. The ESP32 module was connected to a LoRa module. At the receiver end, an ESP32 module and LoRa module without Wi-Fi was employed. Wide Area Network (WAN) communication protocol was used on the LoRa module to provide switching functionality of the targeted area. The performance of the system was evaluated by three real-life case studies through measuring environmental temperature and humidity, detecting fire, and controlling the switching functionality of appliances. Obtaining correct environmental data, fire detection with 90% accuracy, and switching functionality with 92.33% accuracy at a distance up to 12 km demonstrated the high performance of the system. The proposed smart system with modular design proved to be highly effective in controlling and monitoring home appliances from a longer distance with relatively lower power consumption.

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A Comprehensive Study of the Use of LoRa in the Development of Smart Cities

Cited by 81 publications

References 66 publications

A Review of Applications and Communication Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Sustainable Smart Farming

A Review of Applications and Communication Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Sustainable Smart Farming

LoRaWAN and Urban Waste Management – A Trial

Smart Monitoring and Controlling of Appliances Using LoRa Based IoT System

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