A comprehensive study of pericardial hydatid cyst; systematic review and meta-data presentation

Abstract

Introduction
 Pericardial hydatid cyst comprises 7% of all cardiac hydatidosis, but its occurrence is concomitant with several life-threatening complications. This study is a review of the reported studies of pericardial hydatid cysts.
 Methods
 A systematic review of the published studies of pericardial hydatid cysts was conducted. The studies of cardiac hydatid cysts with the following properties were included: 1) The pericardium infection was confirmed by diagnostic modalities, surgical findings, or histopathology. 2) The case presentation was provided in the study. 3) The cyst (s) originally located or adhered to the pericardium and did not rupture into it from the other adjacent cardiac structures or organs.
 Results
 Overall, 106 studies were compatible with the inclusion criteria. Most of the cases (29.72%) were reported in Turkey, followed by India (18.24%). There was no gender predilection, and the age of the patients was distributed between 5 and 80 years old. The most common symptoms were chest pain (43%), and dyspnea (36%). Hydatid cysts were only found in the pericardium in 56% of cases and multiloculated in 44%. Surgery was the treatment of choice (87.8%), and cystectomy (72.3%) was the major technique of cyst removal. The total number of recurrences was 3 cases (2%). There was a significant correlation between recurrence and the history of hydatidosis. The mortality rate was 2.7%.
 Conclusion
 Pericardial hydatid disease is more common in subtropical regions. The definitive treatment of a pericardial hydatid cyst is surgery, mainly through a median sternotomy. A history of hydatidosis increases the likelihood of recurrence.

Diagnosis of a pulmonary hydatid cyst by fine needle aspiration: a case report with literature review

“…Asymptomatic cases are often diagnosed accidentally during routine radiological exams for other illnesses. In some cases, it may present with nonspecific symptoms, such as the presence of a mass or pain 2 , 13 . The present case was a young female patient who complained of a mild cough and sputum for two years.…”

“…Hydatid disease is a widely recognized zoonotic-parasitic infection. It is more common in the developing countries 1 , 2 . It is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus .…”

“…It is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus . Humans typically serve as intermediate hosts, becoming infected either through direct contact with the primary hosts or by consuming contaminated food and water with the parasite’s eggs 2 , 3 . E. granulosus and E. multilocularis are the two familiar species of the echinococcus parasite responsible for causing cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans.…”

“…The diagnosis of the disease is generally complicated due to varied clinical presentations or nonspecific symptoms. The disease can remain silent or asymptomatic for years until the cyst grows large enough to cause compression and trigger symptoms 2 . Although fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is useful for diagnosing various inflammatory, fungal, and parasitic diseases, echinococcosis is seldom identified in cytologic specimens and is often incidental.…”