A Comprehensive Study of Past, Present, and Future of Spectrum Sharing and Information Embedding Techniques in Joint Wireless Communication and Radar Systems

Abstract

Wireless spectrum is a limited resource, and the rapid increase in demand for wireless communication-based services is increasing day by day. Hence, maintaining a good quality of service, high data rate, and reliability is the need of the day. Thus, we need to apportion the available spectrum in an efficient manner. Dual-Function Radar and Communication (DFRC) is an emerging field and bears vital importance for both civil and military applications for the last few years. Since hybridization of wireless communication and radar designs provoke diverse challenges, e.g., interference mitigation, secure mobile communication, improved bit error rate (BER), and data rate enhancement without compromising the radar performance, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art developments in the spectrum shared between mobile communication and radars in terms of coexistence, collaboration, cognition, and cooperation. Compared to the existing surveys, we explore an open research issue on radar and mobile communication operating with mutual benefits based on collaboration in terms of spectrum sharing. Additionally, this paper provides important perspectives for future research of DFRC technology.

Evaluating RF Hardware Characteristics for Automotive JCRS Systems Based on PMCW-CDMA at 77GHz

“…In consequence, we are working on the extension of our PMCW-CDMA-based model to also provide other JCRS models based on additional waveforms. Examples of such JCRS systems can be found for OFDM in [84], [85], linear frequency modulation in [86], and combined waveforms like flexible sensing implanted-OFDM or orthogonal time frequency space in [87] and [13], respectively. And they are extended by space-frequency modulated co-designs, as proposed by Wang et al in [88].…”

“…Cui et al summarize the benefits of JCRS systems or more generally expressed as Integrated (radar) Sensing and Communications (ISAC) or Joint Communications and Sensing (JC&S) systems [6]: According to them, the advantages of efficiency, which in addition to improvements in spectral and hardware efficiency also includes an increase in energy efficiency, are a strong argument in favor of JCRS applications in today's sustainability. However, the optimal waveform and hardware platform for both technologies, which allow joint operation in the current radar frequency ranges at 77 GHz, are still under discussion in the current literature [7]- [13]. This discussion is taken up and addressed in this work.…”

Hybrid FSK–FDM Scheme for Data Rate Enhancement in Dual-Function Radar and Communication

“…Spectrum-sharing techniques have received substantial attention from the research community to meet the high data rate demands of the users for 5G and beyond applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Modern technologies are prevalent today, such as smartphones, autonomous vehicles, wearable devices, etc.…”

“…On the other hand, the DFRC design uses a suitable transmitter that simultaneously facilitates both the radar and communication system in terms of hardware and frequency spectrum, where the system performance is improved by using shared knowledge. More importantly, the spectrum in the DFRC design can be shared with the wireless communication system by three well-known methods, i.e., (a) radar waveform, (b) communication waveform, and (c) multi-beam methods [ 1 ]. As radar is a primary operation, the information bits are generally embedded into radar-based waveforms [ 16 ].…”

“…Furthermore, the QAM-based information embedding was discussed in [ 28 ], where SLL and waveform diversity were efficiently controlled, claiming performance efficiency compared to the existing ASK- and PSK-based techniques. For more information on existing information embedding techniques utilizing radar-based waveforms, communication-based waveforms, and sub-beam sharing techniques, readers may refer to [ 1 ] for more details.…”