A Comprehensive Study of Oxidative Stress in Tinnitus Patients

Abstract

Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the molecular changes that are the underlying causes of tinnitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a new oxidative stress parameter in tinnitus patients as well as to investigate the lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) parameters and compare the results with the results of the healthy control group. A prospective controlled trial was performed on tinnitus patients in Harran University hospital. A total of 70 subjects, including 35 tinnitus patients and 35 healthy individuals participated in this study. Their total thiol, native thiol levels and LOOH, TAS, TOS levels were measured in plasma of all tinnitus patients and healthy volunteers participants. TOS and OSI levels were significantly increased, and TAS levels were significantly lower in the patient groups compared with the control group (p \ 0.01). Native thiol levels and Native thiol/total thiol ratios were significantly lower in the tinnitus group compared to the control group (p \ 0.01). Disulphide level and disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol ratios were significantly higher in the patients (p \ 0.01). Also, LOOH ratios were significantly higher in the tinnitus group (p \ 0.01). The results of this study reveal that in tinnitus cases, the oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme imbalance were more significant than in healthy control group. The nature of the relationship between oxidative stress and tinnitus should be clarified with larger studies.

Objective and Measurable Biomarkers in Chronic Subjective Tinnitus

“…Native thiol and native thiol/total thiol ratios were low in patients with tinnitus, and disulphide, disulphide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio were high. In addition, LOOH, an oxidative stress marker, was high in patients with tinnitus [ 111 ]. Various substances are related to oxidants and antioxidants, including malondialdehyde (MDA) as a representative substance produced by the oxidation of unsaturated lipids like LOOH, superoxide dismutase (SOD) as endogenous antioxidant enzymes, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (cGPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and ceruloplasmin.…”

Auditory Neural Plasticity in Tinnitus Mechanisms and Management

“…Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including tinnitus. Several studies showed that oxidants were elevated accompanied by a reduction of antioxidants in tinnitus patients [133][134][135][136], and a study reported similar results in the internal jugular and brachial vein blood of acute idiopathic tinnitus patients. However, due to the exceedingly small portion that the inner ear occupies in the total brain effluent, we cannot jump to the conclusion that both endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress originate from the inner ear microcirculation [137].…”

A comprehensive study of oxidative stress in patients with chronic otitis media

“…ROS may damage the integrity, structure and function of the cell membrane, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). [3,14] OS is accepted to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases prevalent in humans and experimental animals. [15][16][17][18][19] Furthermore, LOOHs resulting from lipid peroxidation by ROS disrupt the integrity of the cell membrane.…”

“…[2] Degradation of the balance between free radicals in biological systems and antioxidants with its sweeping effect is known as oxidative stress (OS). [3,4] According to reports, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels may have an effect on the chronicity of middle ear inflammation and the etiopathogenesis of COM when oxidative stress increases or the antioxidant defense system has a deficiency. [4,5] Thiols are organic compounds that contain a sulfhydryl group (-SH).…”

“…[6] There are other parameters such as total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and oxidative stress index (OSI) that are used to calculate oxidant/antioxidant balance in pathophysiological disorders. [3,9] In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between COM and dynamic TDH as a novel and unexplored oxidative stress marker, in addition to TAS, TOS, LOOH and OSI. This is an important and initial study that investigates the link between TDH and COM with other oxidative stress markers.…”