A Comprehensive Study of HVDC Link with Reserve Operation Control in a Multi-Infeed Direct Current Power System

Abstract

The Korean government is targeting the development of a renewable energy penetration of 30–35% by 2040 of the total generation. These conditions will decrease network stability due to a lack of inertia, especially in isolated systems, such as Jeju Island. HVDC systems with several balancing arrangements of reserve operation are used to maintain variability and uncontrollability of RES penetration. This paper presents the fast frequency reserves of HVDC control systems for frequency stability enhancement in the isolated power system by using a combined frequency containment process with grid stability standards. A new MIDC reserve operation control with angle and voltage deviation at the bus converter was developed to provide a faster and more appropriate balancing arrangement compared to the other concept. In addition, two layers of energy and transfer-capacity flexibility were considered to prevent the need to hunt for that balancing arrangement, as well as low nadir frequency, unavailability of the reserve and other constraints caused by each region having a different network size, HVDC interconnection capacity, and type. The proposed control schemes were verified by simulations on the Korean power system model implemented in PSS/E for different sizes of disturbance.

A Comprehensive Study of Cyber Attack Mitigation with the Exchange of Frequency Containment Reserves Control in a Multi-Infeed Direct Current Power System

“…The architecture and description of the electrical system of Jeju Island are shown in Figure 13 [ 7 ]. Two criteria, including the generator type and the generator total capacity, are used to represent the mainland network system.…”

“…These days, HVDC systems with reserve balancing strategies are employed to enhance the flexibility of renewable energy in each region and the flexibility of the transfer capacity for both regions. A study of the HVDC link’s performance with various balancing arrangement approaches in the MIDC system was suggested in our most recent work [ 7 ]. In addition, an enhanced effective short circuit ratio was introduced to help monitor the steady functioning of MIDC systems (ESCR) [ 8 ].…”

Comprehensive Analysis of Transient Overvoltage Phenomena for Metal-Oxide Varistor Surge Arrester in LCC-HVDC Transmission System with Special Protection Scheme

“…In particular, it is important to achieve the reliability, security, and resiliency of the LCC-HVDC system for the Korean electric power system under a lack of AC transmission line for large power-generation systems [34][35][36][37]. For such an inevitable power system condition, there were studies on a stable management and operation against resonance issues between generators and AC filters of the LCC-HVDC system [38][39][40][41][42][43], and also several power system analyses and research studies were conducted [44][45][46][47][48]. During the severe faults under the condition, however, the passive filter for reactive power compensation causes temporary transient overvoltage (TOV) variations due to its shortly persistent operating situation even after the generator and HVDC system trip.…”