Intact and functional ecosystems are habitats for people, animals, and plants form the natural basis of humanity's existence. Ecosystems provide food, building materials, energy sources, and active ingredients for medicines. They regulate the climate, form humus in the soil, and are important for nutrient cycles and clean drinking water. Therefore, preserving biodiversity is important for the nutrition and economic, social, and cultural development of current and future generations. This chapter investigates the planet's challenges in maintaining an environmental balance.