A comprehensive study capturing vision loss burden in Pakistan (1990-2025): Findings from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study

Hassan, Bilal; Ahmed, Ramsha; Li, Bo; Noor, Ayesha; Hassan, Zahid ul

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216492

Cited by 58 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Binary study-level covariates were used to minimize the residual errors of the estimated prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD). Using mixed-effects nonlinear regression on all the available data at the global level, super-region Bayesian priors were generated; likewise, the super-region regression model was then used to generate regional Bayesian priors, and so on down the cascade [34, 35]. YLD were calculated by multiplying the prevalence of each sequela by its disability weight and adding the procedure-related morbidity associated with infertility treatment [34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017

Sun

Gong

Jiang

et al. 2019

Aging

394

237

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To provide comprehensive estimates of the global, regional, and national burden of infertility from 1990 to 2017, using findings from a 2017 study on the global burden of disease (GBD), we assessed the burden of infertility in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. DisMod-MR 2.1 is a Bayesian meta-regression method that estimates non-fatal outcomes using sparse and heterogeneous epidemiological data. Globally, the age-standardized prevalence rate of infertility increased by 0.370% per year for females and 0.291% per year for males from 1990 to 2017. Additionally, age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of infertility increased by 0.396% per year for females and 0.293% per year for males during the observational period. An increasing trend to these burden estimates was observed throughout the all socio-demographic index (SDI) countries. Interestingly, we found that high SDI countries had the lowest level of prevalence and DALYs in both genders. However, the largest increasing trend was observed in high-SDI countries for females. By contrast, low-SDI countries had the largest increasing trend in males. Negative associations were observed between these burden estimates and the SDI level. The global disease burden of infertility has been increasing throughout the period from 1990 to 2017.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017

Sun

Gong

Jiang

et al. 2019

Aging

394

237

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The GBD 2017 study includes an annual assessment of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 21 regions, and 7 super-regions from 1990 to 2017. Comprehensive descriptions of each analytic component of the GBD 2017 study have been published previously [ 5 - 8 ]. Briefly, the GBD 2017 study has an estimated burden of 359 diseases and injuries, which were mostly analyzed as those causing both death and disability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of valvular heart disease, 1990-2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Chen

Xiang

2020

Journal of Global Health

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Background Valvular heart disease (VHD) is expected to cause an increase in public-health problems in the coming years, especially in elderly populations. We aim to estimate the incidence, mortality, and burden of VHD, by age, from 1990 to 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Methods We estimated the incidence, mortality, and burden of VHD based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. All metrics are presented with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The Socio-demographic Index was used to identify whether developmental status correlates with health outcomes. Results The global incidence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) decreased by 8.67% between 1990 and 2017, while that of non-rheumatic VHD (NRVHD) increased by 45.10%. There was a 54.00% decrease in age-standardized death rate (ASDR) for RHD, but a small and non-significant decrease (-3.00%) in the ASDR for NRVHD. The global age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate of RHD decreased by 53.52%, while there was a 12.62% reduction in the age-standardized DALY rate of NRVHD. Conclusions The burden from different VHDs demonstrated a diverse change at a global level between 1990 and 2017. Although RHD burden has an obvious means of mitigation, a substantially high incidence of NRVHD was observed over this time period, especially in the elderly, which may lead to high health care costs and signify the potential for even higher costs in the future.

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“…The major causes of avoidable blindness were cataracts (51.5%), corneal opacity (11.8%) and refractive error/aphakia (8.6%). Other causes of visual impairment also included glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, optic atrophy and senile changes [ 14 – 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of lady health workers in improving access to eye health services in rural Pakistan – findings from a qualitative study

et al. 2021

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Background In 1994, the Lady Health Workers (LHWs) Programme was established in Pakistan to increase access to essential primary care services and support health systems at the household and community levels. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province in northern Pakistan, eye care is among the many unmet needs that LHWs were trained to address, including screening and referral of people with eye conditions to health facilities. However, despite an increase in referrals by LHWs, compliance with referrals in KPK has been very low. We explored the role of LHWs in patient referral and the barriers to patient compliance with referrals. Methods Qualitative methodology was adopted. Between April and June 2019, we conducted eight focus group discussions and nine in-depth interviews with 73 participants including patients, LHWs and their supervisors, district managers and other stakeholders. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo software version 12. Results LHWs have a broad understanding of basic health care and are responsible for a wide range of activities at the community level. LHWs felt that the training in primary eye care had equipped them with the skills to identify and refer eye patients. However, they reported that access to care was hampered when referred patients reached hospitals, where disorganised services and poor quality of care discouraged uptake of referrals. LHWs felt that this had a negative impact on their credibility and on the trust and respect they received from the community, which, coupled with low eye health awareness, influenced patients’ decisions about whether to comply with a referral. There was a lack of trust in the health care services provided by public sector hospitals. Poverty, deep-rooted gender inequities and transportation were the other reported main drivers of non-adherence to referrals. Conclusions Results from this study have shown that the training of LHWs in eye care was well received. However, training alone is not enough and does not result in improved access for patients to specialist services if other parts of the health system are not strengthened. Pathways for referrals should be agreed and explicitly communicated to both the health care providers and the patients.

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A comprehensive study capturing vision loss burden in Pakistan (1990-2025): Findings from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study

Cited by 58 publications

References 25 publications

Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017

Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017

Burden of valvular heart disease, 1990-2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Understanding the role of lady health workers in improving access to eye health services in rural Pakistan – findings from a qualitative study

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