A comprehensive review on triple R eco-management strategies to reduce, reuse and recycle of hazardous cigarette butts

Shah, Garishma; Bhatt, Upma; Soni, Vineet

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16642

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 117 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Biomass and plastic‐based scraps are emerging as possible carbon feedstock to produce active materials for catalyst and electrode applications since these sources can be easily converted into porous and conductive carbonaceous chars through pyrolysis [19,20] . Among the various sorts of difficult‐to‐manage wastes that fall outside the traditional recycling pathways, discarded cigarette butts (CBs) are the challenging ones that are littered in common waste streams with up to 6 trillion per year [24,25] . Their ubiquitous dispersion results in a final release of 300,000 tons of microplastic from the 60 filters as well as more than 7,000 hazardous ingredients [26,27] where a single CB can contaminate up to 1000 L of water [28,29] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Cigarette Wastes into Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst: Does Each Component Behave Differently? An Experimental Evaluation

Zuccante,

Muhyuddin,

Ficca

et al. 2024

ChemElectroChem

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Trillion of cigarette butts are annually littered without being recycled. This work aims at valorizing the whole cigarette butts and their components (paper, filter and tobacco) into Fe‐Nx‐C electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid and alkaline media. The pristine wastes were pyrolyzed at 450 °C, activated with KOH at 700 °C, blended with iron phthalocyanine (FePc) precursor, and heat‐treated at 600 °C to produce a robust Fe‐Nx‐C material with ORR active units. The effect of the cigarette components on the final electrocatalytic activity was evaluated by thoroughly investigating the surface chemistry with XPS. The electrocatalysts displayed similar results among the different components in both media due to comparable surface chemistry, especially concerning the nitrogen functional groups. The highest performance was obtained in alkaline where the electrocatalysts from whole cigarettes and paper (CIGF_450 and CIGPF_450) showed an E1/2 of 0.89 V vs RHE, slightly larger than that of Pt/C with 40 wt % of Pt, which encouraged to replace Pt‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline fuel cells.

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