A comprehensive review on transition metal nitrides electrode materials for supercapacitor: Syntheses, electronic structure engineering, present perspectives and future aspects

Advancements in 2D MXene-based supercapacitor electrodes: synthesis, mechanisms, electronic structure engineering, flexible wearable energy storage for real-world applications, and future prospects

“…6,7 In the energy storage system, supercapacitors outperform batteries, fuel cells and conventional capacitors with their higher power density, faster charge–discharge rate, and longer cycling life, making them superior to other energy storage systems. 8–10 Supercapacitors function on the principle of electrostatic energy storage, utilizing the electrostatic attraction of opposite charges at the interface between high-surface-area electrodes and an electrolyte. 11,12 When charged, ions from the electrolyte accumulate on the electrode surfaces, forming a double layer of charge.…”

“…The first is the electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC), which stores charge electrostatically at the surface of the electrode or electrolyte. 9,14 The second is pseudocapacitance, which employs a quick and reversible electrochemical process at the surface of the electrode to store charge. 9,14 Pseudocapacitive materials store charge in two ways: (i) through surface redox reactions 15 and (ii) by electrolyte ion intercalation into the electrode.…”

“…9,14 The second is pseudocapacitance, which employs a quick and reversible electrochemical process at the surface of the electrode to store charge. 9,14 Pseudocapacitive materials store charge in two ways: (i) through surface redox reactions 15 and (ii) by electrolyte ion intercalation into the electrode. 9,15,16 The third mechanism utilized by supercapacitors is the combination of EDLC and pseudocapacitance, often referred to as battery-type supercapacitance.…”

“…9,14 Pseudocapacitive materials store charge in two ways: (i) through surface redox reactions 15 and (ii) by electrolyte ion intercalation into the electrode. 9,15,16 The third mechanism utilized by supercapacitors is the combination of EDLC and pseudocapacitance, often referred to as battery-type supercapacitance. 9,14,16 These devices incorporate both the electrostatic charge storage of EDLCs and the rapid and reversible electrochemical processes of pseudocapacitance.…”

A V–Ni-based nitride heterostructure as a highly efficient electrode for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors

“…8–10 Metal nitrides possess unique properties, such as various chemical valence states, excellent electrical conductivity (4000–55500 S cm −1 ), good sustainability and moderately high capacity. 11 These properties make metal nitrides an ideal choice for electrode materials in practical energy storage devices. 12–14 In previous studies, a large number of TMNs, such as GaN, 15 MoN, 16 Fe 2 N, 17 Ni 3 N, 18 Co 4 N, 19 have shown remarkable performance as SC electrodes.…”