A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Application of Platinum Nanoparticles

Jeyaraj, M.; Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi; Qasim, Muhammad; Kang, Min Hee; Kim, Jin‐Hoi

doi:10.3390/nano9121719

Cited by 298 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…Viral diseases are major threat to human health and economy; therefore, it is necessary to find suitable, alternative, safe and biocompatible antiviral agents to prevent the spread of infections and reduce economic losses. Generally, nanoparticles including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold NPs (AuNPs), quantum dots (QDs), carbon dots (CDots), graphene oxide (GO), silicon materials, polymeric NPs, dendrimers and polymers possess remarkable antimicrobial and antiviral activities [ 1 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Therefore, it is essential to highlight the variety and importance of selective nanoparticles that could be used as antiviral agents and delivery agents ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Entry Of Viruses Into Host Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles—Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses?

et al. 2020

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Infectious diseases account for more than 20% of global mortality and viruses are responsible for about one-third of these deaths. Highly infectious viral diseases such as severe acute respiratory (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are emerging more frequently and their worldwide spread poses a serious threat to human health and the global economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 27 July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 16 million people and led to the death of more than 652,434 individuals as on 27 July 2020 while also causing significant economic losses. To date, there are no vaccines or specific antiviral drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19. Hence, it is necessary to accelerate the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to help mitigate this pandemic. Non-Conventional antiviral agents must also be considered and exploited. In this regard, nanoparticles can be used as antiviral agents for the treatment of various viral infections. The use of nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for the development of novel antiviral therapies with a low probability of developing drug resistance compared to conventional chemical-based antiviral therapies. In this review, we first discuss viral mechanisms of entry into host cells and then we detail the major and important types of nanomaterials that could be used as antiviral agents. These nanomaterials include silver, gold, quantum dots, organic nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers and polymers. Further, we consider antiviral mechanisms, the effects of nanoparticles on coronaviruses and therapeutic approaches of nanoparticles. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of nanoparticles in the fight against viral infections.

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Section: Mechanism Of Entry Of Viruses Into Host Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles—Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses?

et al. 2020

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“…Nanoparticles encapsulating drugs or attaching to therapeutics can be utilized as drug delivery systems to change drug biodistribution, decrease toxicity, modify drug release rate, and target affected tissues or cells 15 – 18 . However, most nanoparticles are still in the clinical trial stage, with a few having been accepted for clinical use 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First principle simulation of coated hydroxychloroquine on Ag, Au and Pt nanoparticles

Morad

Akbari

Rezaee

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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From the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic, the potential antiviral properties of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) against SARS-CoV-2 suggested that these drugs could be the appropriate therapeutic candidates. However, their side effects directed clinical tests towards optimizing safe utilization strategies. The noble metal nanoparticles (NP) are promising materials with antiviral and antibacterial properties that can deliver the drug to the target agent, thereby reducing the side effects. In this work, we applied both the quantum mechanical and classical atomistic molecular dynamics approaches to demonstrate the adsorption properties of HCQ/CQ on Ag, Au, AgAu, and Pt nanoparticles. We found the adsorption energies of HCQ/CQ towards nanoparticles have the following trend: PtNP > AuNP > AuAgNP > AgNP. This shows that PtNP has the highest affinity in comparison to the other types of nanoparticles. The (non)perturbative effects of this drug on the plasmonic absorption spectra of AgNP and AuNP with the time-dependent density functional theory. The effect of size and composition of NPs on the coating with HCQ and CQ were obtained to propose the appropriate candidate for drug delivery. This kind of modeling could help experimental groups to find efficient and safe therapies.

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“…The Pt 2+/4+ ions are reduced to Pt 0 using a reducing agent (e.g., NaBH 4 or KC 4 H 5 O 6 ) and subsequently grow into particles. The size and shape of the synthesized Pt nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature, reducing agent, and Pt precursor concentration [27,28]. However, this method has some drawbacks: it is a multistep process, involves long processing times, requires reducing/capping agents, and usually requires subsequent purification of the product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Facile Synthesis of Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Ketjen Black by Solution Plasma Sputtering as Bifunctional HER/ORR Catalysts

2020

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Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are two core electrochemical processes involved in hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) technology. ORR is a cathodic reaction occurring in HFC, whereas HER can convert the H2O byproduct from HFCs into H2 gas via water splitting. Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are the most effective catalysts for both reactions. In this work, we used a fast, facile, and chemical-free method, called solution plasma sputtering (SPS), to synthesize Pt nanoparticles supported on Ketjen Black (KB). The discharge time was varied (5, 10, and 20 min) to alter the Pt loading. Characterization results revealed that the plasma did not affect the morphology of KB, and the Pt loading on KB increased with increasing discharge time (5.5–17.9 wt%). Well-crystallized Pt nanoparticles, ~2–5 nm in diameter, were obtained. Electrochemical measurements revealed that Pt/KB exhibited bifunctional catalytic activity toward HER and ORR in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. Both HER and ORR activities enhanced as the loading of Pt nanoparticles increased with a longer discharge time. Moreover, Pt/KB exhibited better HER and ORR stability than a commercial Pt-based catalyst, which was attributed to the stronger adhesion between Pt nanoparticles and KB support. Thus, SPS can be applied as an alternative synthesis method for preparing Pt/KB catalysts for HER and ORR.

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A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Application of Platinum Nanoparticles

Cited by 298 publications

References 253 publications

Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles—Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses?

Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles—Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses?

First principle simulation of coated hydroxychloroquine on Ag, Au and Pt nanoparticles

Fast and Facile Synthesis of Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Ketjen Black by Solution Plasma Sputtering as Bifunctional HER/ORR Catalysts

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