A comprehensive review on the boosted effects of anion vacancy in the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation, part I: Focus on sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, and halogen vacancies

Constructing a Z-Scheme Co3O4/BiOBr Heterojunction to Enhance Photocatalytic Peroxydisulfate Oxidation of High-Concentration Rhodamine B: Mechanism, Degradation Pathways, and Toxicological Evaluations

“…Undesirably, the photogenerated e – and h + have a thermodynamic tendency to recombine, giving rise to a lower quantum efficiency and photocatalytic activity . To overcome this drawback, various modification strategies have been applied, such as doping elements, modulating morphologies, designing defects, constructing heterojunctions, combining multiple semiconductors, introducing anion vacancies, and so on. − These strategies aim to speed up the transfer of photogenerated e – and h + from the bulk of a semiconductor to the surface or interface before their recombination. Among them, constructing a heterojunction is regarded as a promising approach .…”

A Comprehensive Review on the Boosted Effects of Anion Vacancy in the Photocatalytic Solar Water Splitting: Focus on Sulfur Vacancy

“…For example, a summarized study has been published on the effects of OV-based metal oxide photoanodes for application in the photocatalytic water splitting process . The vital roles of vacancy engineering in boosting solar-driven photocatalysis activity have also been reviewed. , Some reviews studied various vacancy defects categories of the vacancy-engineered photocatalysts fabrication, the characterization techniques, and the vacancy defects roles in various photocatalytic fields, including water splitting, photodegradation of organic compounds, CO 2 conversion, generation of hydrogen peroxide, and N 2 fixation. − In 2023, we illustrated the functions, synthesis, characterization procedures, and applications of semiconductors mediated with O, N, S, and halogen vacancies in the photocatalytic degradation process. , Despite a recent clear upward trend in the number of research studies on SV photocatalysts, there are few relevant overviews on the mechanism and application of SV photocatalysts. The SV generation methods via various synthetic routes and the quality of SV creation during the synthesis procedures were studied by multiple researchers.…”

Integrating BiOI/g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 Derived Dual S-Scheme Photocatalyst with Biochar for Emerging Adsorption for Photocatalysis: Multicharge Migration and Mechanistic Insights

“…These contaminants, which are organic molecules that include pesticides, artificial organic dyes, and heavy metal compounds, are resistant to standard water and wastewater treatment methods. , Because of their poisonous nature and detrimental effects on the ecosystem, these pollutants are regarded as dangerous. To overcome these problems, many methods have been used such as membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, precipitation, coagulation, and flocculation. , However, there are certain drawbacks to these methods, such as a slow process, pH sensitivity, chemical residue, high cost, environmental impact, and bioproducts. Photocatalysis is currently receiving more attention for its prospective uses in energy conversion, long-term stability, cost-effectiveness, reduced byproduct formation, and environmental detoxification to remove industrial effluents from wastewater. , When it comes to achieving complete abatement and mineralization of pollutants, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are thought to be very successful at oxidizing persistent organic contaminants into innocuous compounds.…”