A comprehensive review on the quasi-induced exposure technique

The role of exposure on differences in driver death rates by gender and age: Results of a quasi-induced method on crash data in Spain

“…The caveats of this method have been widely noted in previous studies (Gómez-Mendez and Izquierdo, 2010;Jiang et al, 2014;Lyles, 2007, 2010). The term "responsibility" for the collisions merits consideration.…”

“…However, some degree of misclassification bias in the assignment of responsibility cannot be ruled out. In any case, although the ascertainment of driver's infractions by the police who moved to the crash scene clearly involves an element of subjectivity, recording infractions is clearly easier and shows more advantages than a direct assignment of responsibility of the crash (Jiang et al, 2014;Lardelli-Claret et al, 2011). On the other hand, the distribution of non-responsible drivers involved in clean collisions may not reflect the real pattern of exposure of all drivers on the road (Gómez-Mendez and Izquierdo, 2010).…”

“…According to a literature review, quasi-induced exposure methodology has been widely used to measure the risk of road crashes in some sub-groups of drivers, explore the effect of different drivervehicle characteristics on the risk of crash, evaluate the success of road safety programs, and also estimate exposure of different groups of drivers (Jiang et al, 2014). In the comparison of road crash risk across subgroups of drivers, it has the additional advantage that, opposed to a direct measurement of exposure, it allows for a better control of differences related to the driving environment and not only to the total amount of exposure (Lardelli-Claret et al, 2011).…”

Traffic and Criminal Behavior of Adults with Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity with a Prospective Follow-Up from Birth to the Age of 40 Years

“…In some studies, indirect methods such as induced or quasi-induced exposure are used. According to the theory, the quasi-induced exposure method has two underlying assumptions: (1) there is an at-fault and a not-at-fault driver in twovehicle crashes; and (2) not-at-fault drivers in two-vehicle crashes are randomly selected (Jiang et al, 2014). However, a meta-analysis of the studies exploiting quasi-induced exposure revealed that a majority of the research failed to follow a systematic procedure, and the methodological quality was somewhat compromised (Jiang et al, 2014).…”

Gas dynamic analogous exposure approach to interaction intensity in multiple-vehicle crash analysis: Case study of crashes involving taxis

“…Broadly speaking, the exposure measure is rather conceptual, and direct measurement may not be feasible in many situations. In practice, although the use of exposure measures is constrained by the availability and quality of data (Naci et al, 2009), various proxy measures have been developed and used in different crash frequency analyses, including population and fuel consumption (Amoh-Gyimah et al, 2017;Fridstrøm et al, 1995), traffic volume (Chiou and Fu, 2015;Heydari et al, 2017;Qin et al, 2004Qin et al, , 2006Wong et al, 2007), travel time (Chipman et al, 1993;Imprialou et al, 2016), vehicle-miles traveled (Li et al, 2003;Pei et al, 2016), potential conflict counts (Bie et al, 2005;Wong et al, 2006), and quasi-induced exposure (Huang and Chin, 2009;Jiang et al, 2014;Stamatiadis and Deacon, 1997).…”