A comprehensive review on the implementation of the biorefinery concept in biodiesel production plants

Gutiérrez, Claudio Avalos; Serna, Daissy Lorena Restrepo; Álzate, Carlos Ariel Cardona

doi:10.18331/brj2017.4.3.6

Cited by 46 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…In 1992, the United Nation (UN) highlighted the significance of sustainable development and declared that "the right to development must be fulfilled to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations". Meanwhile, in 2002, the World Summit on Sustainable Development established the target of sustainable development as the "access to reliable, affordable, economically viable, socially acceptable, and environmentally sound energy services and resources" [169,170].…”

Section: Sustainability and Feasibility Of Palm-biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

2018

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The sustainability of petroleum-based fuel supply has gained broad attention from the global community due to the increase of usage in various sectors, depletion of petroleum resources, and uncertain around crude oil market prices. Additionally, environmental problems have also arisen from the increasing emissions of harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases. Therefore, the use of clean energy sources including biodiesel is crucial. Biodiesel is mainly produced from unlimited natural resources through a transesterification process. It presents various advantages over petro-diesel; for instance, it is non-toxic, biodegradable, and contains less air pollutant per net energy produced with low sulphur and aromatic content, apart from being safe. Considering the importance of this topic, this paper focuses on the use of palm oil, its by-products, and mill effluent for biodiesel production. Palm oil is known as an excellent raw material because biodiesel has similar properties to the regular petro-diesel. Due to the debate on the usage of palm oil as food versus fuel, extensive studies have been conducted to utilise its by-products and mill effluent as raw materials. This paper also discusses the properties of biodiesel, the difference between palm-biodiesel and other biodiesel sources, and the feasibility of using palm oil as a primary source for future alternative and sustainable energy sources.

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Section: Sustainability and Feasibility Of Palm-biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

2018

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“…The differences between biorefineries and petroleum refineries are large: (1) the raw materials are completely different, biomass is a renewable resource produced from recently living materials, while crude oil is produced from million of years of biodegradation of living organisms at that time, (2) their complexity, as biorefineries integrate a large number of mature and emerging technologies for obtaining products, and (3) the broad spectrum of products obtained in biorefineries including food‐grade products which cannot be obtained from petroleum refineries . The first try to develop a biorefinery was not very promising, ie, for essential oil production, only 1% to 2% of the raw material conversion was achieved and 98% of raw material was turned waste.…”

Section: Organic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future prospects of delignification pretreatments for the lignocellulosic materials to produce second generation bioethanol

Baig

Turcotte

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Production of bioethanol is winning support from masses because it is a workable choice to solve the problems associated with the fluctuating prices of crude petroleum oil, climatic change, and reducing non‐renewable fuel reserves. First‐generation biofuels are produced directly from food crops. The biofuel (bioethanol, biodiesel) is ultimately derived from the starch, sugar, animal fats, and vegetable oil that these crops provide. It is important to note that the structure of the biofuel itself does not change between generations, but rather the source from which the fuel is derived changes. Corn, wheat, and sugar cane are the most commonly used first‐generation bioethanol feed stocks. Lignocellulosic materials are used as a feed stock for the production of second‐generation bioethanol. The major production steps are (1) delignification, (2) depolymerisation, and (3) fermentation. Agricultural residues are waste materials produced through the processing of agricultural crops. The main reason to use of these agricultural residues to produce bioethanol is to convert waste to value added products. The main challenges are the low yield of the cellulosic hydrolysis process due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose with cellulose. Pretreatments of lignocellulosic materials to remove lignin and hemicellulose are the techniques used to enhance the hydrolysis. Present review article comprehensively discusses the different pretreatment methods of delignification for ethanol production. Published literature on pretreatments from 1982 to 2018 has been studied. Perspectives, gaps in studies, and recommendations are given to fully describe implementation of eight prominent pretreatments (milling, pyrolysis, organic solvents, steam explosion, hot water treatments, ozonolysis, enzymatic delignification, and genetic modification) for future research. The energy and environmental features of lignocellulosic materials are elaborated to show a sustainable aspect of second‐generation biofuel. It was felt necessary to discuss the concept of bio refinery to make biofuel production financially more attractive as well because the future prospects of second‐generation biofuel are promising.

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“…In view of this, resultant environmental concerns and rising global population in conjunction with the augmenting global demand for energy, chemicals and materials have facilitated research efforts to advance low carbon technologies contingent on renewable sources to encounter such global targets [2]. To this direction, attention has been drawn by the research community to effectively integrate renewable technologies and promote alternative raw materials that can potentially substitute fossil feedstocks [3]. Furthermore, a distinct advantage of modern integrated energy systems is that they possess the potential to foster the acceleration of the transition from linear to circular economies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomethane production using an integrated anaerobic digestion, gasification and CO2 biomethanation process in a real waste water treatment plant: A techno-economic assessment

Michailos

Walker

Adam

et al. 2020

Energy Conversion and Management

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The biomethanation of CO 2 from anaerobic digestion within the power to gas concept has recently emerged as a promising technology to upgrade biogas, to decarbonise the domestic and industrial heat sector, provide long term energy storage and deliver grid balancing services. In addition, the utilisation of the digestate, through a process such as gasification, offers a circular economy approach and has the potential to enhance the deployment of power to gas systems. To this direction, the study focuses on exploring the techno-economic feasibility of coupling biomethanation with digestate gasification for the wastewater industry. The study constitutes the first endeavour to assess the viability of such an integrated energy system. Four different scenarios have been designed and assessed. The energy efficiency of the concepts lies between 26.5% and 35.5% while the minimum selling price (MSP) of biomethane is in the range of 135-183 £/MWh. The implementation of appropriate policy mechanisms and the inclusion of by-products revenues reduces the MSPs by approximately 32%-42%. The conduction of a typical sensitivity analysis has identified the electricity price as the prime cost driver and this is followed by the cost of the electrolyser or the gasification plant depending on the scenario. Finally, a 2030 analysis, that incorporates projected techno-economic advances, has been carried out and revealed that under certain circumstances profits can be generated.

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A comprehensive review on the implementation of the biorefinery concept in biodiesel production plants

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

Future prospects of delignification pretreatments for the lignocellulosic materials to produce second generation bioethanol

Biomethane production using an integrated anaerobic digestion, gasification and CO2 biomethanation process in a real waste water treatment plant: A techno-economic assessment

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