A comprehensive review on solar water heaters

Jaisankar, S.; Ananth, J.; Thulasi, S.; Jayasuthakar, S.T.; Sheeba, K. N.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.03.009

Cited by 168 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Solar energy is popular as it is high capability in terms of electricity generation and hot water production worldwide [1,2]. Wind with a certain velocity is able to rotate turbine propellants which then produce usable electricity and this source has also been explored widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Ground Heat Exchangers for Cooling Application in the Malaysian Climate

2015

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The ground heat exchanger (GHE) is one of the energy sources that has been identified since the 1970s which is able to produce sustainable energy for cooling which is in passive side. GHEs are widely implemented around the world, especially in European countries and a few Asian countries. In Malaysia, application of GHE is still considered as a new passive cooling approach in building energy reduction. Therefore, this paper reviews several important ways of implementing GHE in order to supply passive cooling for any application. The review covers general implementation of the GHE for thermal comfort and agricultural greenhouse cooling. The ground temperature variation used in different researches is also reviewed in this paper as an important part of identifying potential GHE implementations. Design and performance aspects of the GHE are also reviewed. Finally, this paper summarizes the potential and benefit of GHE implementation in the Malaysian climate for cooling applications to reduce the energy used in buildings and greenhouse gas emission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Ground Heat Exchangers for Cooling Application in the Malaysian Climate

2015

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“…The performance of these heaters varies depending on how much solar energy is available at that locality. Jaisankar et al [2] reported a comprehensive review on solar water heaters. They reported that the efficiency of solar thermal conversion is about 70% when compared to solar electrical direct conversion system, which has an efficiency of only 17%.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Climate Change by the Development and Deployment of Solar Water Heating Systems

Wara

Abe

2013

Journal of Energy

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Solar energy is becoming an alternative for the limited fossil fuel resources. One of the simplest and most direct applications of this energy is the conversion of solar radiation into heat, which can be used in Water Heating Systems. Ogun State in Nigeria was used as a case study. The solar radiation for the state was explored with an annual average of 4.775 kWh/m2recorded. The designed system comprised storage tanks and the collector unit which comprises wooden casing, copper tube, and aluminium foil. Test results for the unlagged and lagged storage tanks for water temperature at various angles of inclination (2.500°–20.000°) were on the average 27.800°C and 28.300°C, respectively, for the inlet temperature and 60.100°C and 63.000°C for the outlet temperature, respectively. The efficiency of the Solar Water Heating System was 72.500% and the power saved 2.798 kW. The cost of the unit is put at 1121,400 ($145) as at August 2012. The unit developed can be applied for the purpose of reducing the cost of energy, dealing with environmental challenges, and improving the use of energy, hence serving as a climate mitigation process as this can be extended for water heating for domestic and other industrial purposes.

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“…Based on the type of involved circulation, the SWHs can be categorized into two groups: natural circulation and forced circulation. Different circulation types of the SWH systems are expected to be available and suitable for different applications [1,2]. Forced-circulation SWHs are usually used in commercial and industrial heat processing [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on a Forced-Circulation Loop Thermosiphon Solar Water Heating System

Zhang

2018

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Wickless gravity loop thermosiphons (LTs) have been widely used in heat collection for distances up to several meters. This twophase closed device, which is operating under reduced pressure, is useful in solar water heating (SWH) systems because it could address the freezing problem during winter. Compared to the normal type, forced-circulation wickless LTs have significant advantages in the long-distance heat transfer and installation freedom of condensation section. In this study, a pump-forced wickless LT-SWH system with a remolded flat-plate solar collector was put forward. Solar collector acted as the evaporation section of the wickless LT, while the spiral heat exchanger in the water tank acted as the condensation section. R600a was employed as the working fluid, and long-term outdoor experiments were carried out. Results show that the instantaneous and daily average photothermal efficiency of the proposed system can reach 69.54% and 58.22%, respectively. Temperature differences between the top and bottom and the middle and bottom of the evaporation section of the wickless LT were small, and it usually ranged between 1.1 and 3.9°C. Linear fittings of the collector and system overall performance of the pump-forced wickless LT-SWH system demonstrate the promising potential application of the system.

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A comprehensive review on solar water heaters

Cited by 168 publications

References 58 publications

A Review of Ground Heat Exchangers for Cooling Application in the Malaysian Climate

A Review of Ground Heat Exchangers for Cooling Application in the Malaysian Climate

Mitigating Climate Change by the Development and Deployment of Solar Water Heating Systems

Experimental Study on a Forced-Circulation Loop Thermosiphon Solar Water Heating System

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