A comprehensive review on methods for promotion of mechanical features and biodegradation rate in amniotic membrane scaffolds

Sarvari, Raana; Keyhanvar, Peyman; Agbolaghi, Samira; Roshangar, Leila; Bahremani, Erfan; Keyhanvar, Neda; Haghdoost, Mehdi; Keshel, Saeed Heidari; Taghikhani, Afsaneh; Firouzi, Nima; Valizadeh, Amir; Hamedi, Elham; Nouri, Mohammad

doi:10.1007/s10856-021-06570-2

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…However, up to the present time, the other potential usage of lenticule scaffolds such as drug delivery and incorporation with growth factors or nanoparticles have been rarely studied [44]. Because of the advantage of not causing damage to the fiber structure and having no toxic effects on cell activity, EDC is widely used to enhance the biomechanical strength and optical properties of materials such as collagen hydrogels [45] or amniotic membranes [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbodiimide crosslinked decellularized lenticules as a drug carrier for sustained antibacterial eye treatments

Rao¹,

Zhou²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Biomed. Mater.

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In this study, the drug-loading and antibacterial activity of carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) crosslinked decellularized lenticules (CDLs) were evaluated. Small incision lenticule extraction derived lenticules were decellularized and modified with crosslinking concentrations of 0.00 (E/L00, non-crosslinked), 0.01 (E/L01), 0.05 (E/L05) and 0.25 mmol (E/L25) EDC per mg lenticules at 5:1 EDC/NHS ratios with non-decellularized non-crosslinked lenticules (NDLs) as controls. NDLs and EDC/NHS CDLs had similar water contents. The light transmittance percentages (400–800 nm) were 91.55 ± 1.16%, 88.68 ± 1.19%, 80.86 ± 1.94%, 85.12 ± 2.42% and 85.62 ± 2.84% for NDLs, E/L00, E/L01, E/L05 and E/L25, respectively (P < 0.01). The EDC/NHS CDLs (diameter: 6.36 ± 0.18 mm; central thickness: 117.31 ± 3.46 μm) were soaked in 3% (wt./vol.) levofloxacin (LEV) solution for 3 h. The drug release concentrations of LEV-impregnated EDC/NHS CDLs were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Zone inhibition (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus of E/L01, E/L05 and E/L25 were superior to E/L00 CDLs (P < 0.01) and among the different crosslinked groups, E/L05 lenticules produced the largest ZOIs and their drug concentration release over 21 d was the highest. EDC/NHS crosslinking can improve the drug-loading effect and antibacterial activity of decellularized lenticules. LEV-impregnated EDC/NHS CDLs are promising drug delivery carriers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbodiimide crosslinked decellularized lenticules as a drug carrier for sustained antibacterial eye treatments

Rao¹,

Zhou²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Biomed. Mater.

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“…Hence, to be applied clinically, modification of AM structures was suggested to increase its tensile strength which may prolong its degradation rate. Some methods were suggested, for instance, by cross-linking AM with composite materials, physical cross-linking, and chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, genipin, and aluminum sulfate [ 9 , 28 ]. An animal study by Zhang et al used fresh AM treated with ultraviolet cross-linking for conjunctival transplantation on rabbits and compared it with control AM [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also noted that the glutaraldehyde-treated AM was virtually completely resistant to the enzymatic digestion test, while fresh and cryopreserved AM were dissolved completely by day seven. This suggests that collagen cross-linking using glutaraldehyde leads to a significant increase in the biomechanical strength and enzymatic resistance of AM, which can be employed to prolong the degradation time of AM in the oral cavity [ 9 , 29 ]. Thus, it can be proposed that the placement of AM as a barrier membrane prevents the early exposure of the surgical site to produce the desired effects [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It consists of three layers, namely, the epithelial layer, basement membrane, and mesenchymal layer. The epithelial layer is a single layer of epithelial cells, and the basement membrane is a thin membrane composed of reticular fibers that attach to the epithelial layer by interdigitation [ 9 , 10 ]. The mesenchymal layer is an avascular collagen matrix that is divided into compact, fibroblast, and spongy layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodegradability of Amniotic Membrane as Potential Scaffold for Periodontal Regeneration

Ling,

Roslan,

Taib

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background In the periodontal regenerative procedure, the membrane used should possess good mechanical stability with suitable resorption time to allow restoration of the lost periodontium. Amniotic membrane (AM) has regenerative potential as a scaffold or barrier membrane due to its various beneficial properties. However, its degradation rate is not clearly reported. Methodology This study aimed to evaluate the resorption capacity of AM and its surface architecture after being subjected to hydrolytic degradation analysis in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). AM was cut into sizes of 10 × 10 mm 2 for three replicates. The membranes were weighed before and at different time intervals (days 7, 14, 21, and 28) after immersion in PBS. The degradation rate was determined by the percentage of mean weight loss from the initial weight at different time intervals. The AM surface profile was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after 28 days of immersion. Results The result shows a 92% loss of weight over 28 days with the highest attained in the first seven days (67%), followed by 7%, 17%, and 1% after days 14, 21, and 28, respectively. SEM of the AM surface before the degradation test showed a polygonal shape forming a well-arranged mosaic pattern covered with microvilli. At day 28, the remaining AM appears as porous surface architecture, irregularly arranged fibers, and no microvilli seen. Conclusions This study demonstrated that over four weeks of degradation analysis, AM was not entirely degraded but had lost some of the microstructure. The biodegradability of AM should be further evaluated to elucidate its stability within adequate time parallel with the tissue healing process in periodontal tissue regeneration.

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“…As mentioned above, dHAM has low mechanical properties and biodegradation, making it easily ruptured during use on wounds and handling during surgical procedures [23]. Furthermore, the inherent properties of intact AM, such as thickness, transparency, and tensile strength, can vary signifcantly among donors [42]. Tis variability poses challenges in standardizing its use for consistent and predictable outcomes in tissue engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Crosslinking with Glutaraldehyde and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide: An Optimization Strategy for the Application of Decellularized Human Amniotic Membrane in Tissue Engineering

Alibabaei-Omran,

Zabihi,

Seifalian

et al. 2024

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

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Introduction. The decellularized human amniotic membrane (dHAM) emerges as a viable 3D scaffold for organ repair and replacement using a tissue engineering strategy. Glutaraldehyde (GTA) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) can increase the biomechanical properties of dHAM. However, the crosslinking process is associated with biochemical changes and residual toxic materials, dampening the biocompatibility of the dHAM. From a histologic point of view, each side of the amniotic membrane is biologically different. While the dHAM basement membrane side is rich in growth factors, the stromal side of the dHAM contains more connective tissue matrix (e.g., collagen fibers) which supports its biomechanical properties. Biocompatibility and biomechanical properties are two important challenges in the field of materials science. In this study, for the first time, the stromal and basement membrane side are cross-linked with GTA and EDC, respectively, to optimize the biocompatibility of the treated dHAM while sparing the GTA-mediated biomechanical improvements. Methods. Crosslinking was carried out on dHAM in three groups: EDC, GTA and bilateral treatment with EDC&GTA. Mechanical resistance, degradability, and crosslinking measurements were performed on treated dHAM. The viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the scaffolds was evaluated by the MTT assay. The expression levels of surface markers and images of the MSCs were thoroughly studied. Results. The results obtained showed that bilateral treatment of dHAM with EDC and GTA increased mechanical resistance. Similarly, the evaluation of surface markers revealed that bilaterally treated dHAM sustains the stemness and viability of MSCs at a level equal to that achieved with EDC alone. The SEM images indicated that the MSCs maintained adhesion on EDC&GTA-cross-linked dHAM. Conclusion. The current study explores a pioneering treatment of dHAM, a material long recognized for its regenerative properties, in a novel context. This research delves into the utilization of dHAM cross-linked with EDC&GTA, demonstrating its optimized efficacy in tissue engineering. The enhanced crosslinking technique significantly alters the membrane’s properties, amplifying its durability and therapeutic potential. In this novel bilateral treatment strategy (EDC and GTA), improving mechanical properties by GTA on the stromal surface and maintaining the biocompatibility of EDC on the side of the basement membrane of dHAM had been attained together. By investigating the handling and impact of this cross-linked membrane, this study unveils a new approach in leveraging a well-known material through an innovative process, revolutionizing its application in wound care.

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A comprehensive review on methods for promotion of mechanical features and biodegradation rate in amniotic membrane scaffolds

Cited by 11 publications

References 160 publications

Carbodiimide crosslinked decellularized lenticules as a drug carrier for sustained antibacterial eye treatments

Carbodiimide crosslinked decellularized lenticules as a drug carrier for sustained antibacterial eye treatments

Biodegradability of Amniotic Membrane as Potential Scaffold for Periodontal Regeneration

Bilateral Crosslinking with Glutaraldehyde and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide: An Optimization Strategy for the Application of Decellularized Human Amniotic Membrane in Tissue Engineering

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