A comprehensive review on gout: the epidemiological trends, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

Ashiq, Kanwal; Bajwa, Mayyda Asif; Tanveer, Samreen; Qayyum, Mehwish; Ashiq, Sana; Khokhar, Rabia; Abid, Farah

doi:10.47391/jpma.313

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The implementation of improved pharmacy services has been recognized as a means to effectively tackle issues pertaining to medications and drug‐related concerns. The involvement of pharmacists in primary health care should be further elucidated in the management of patients with gout, particularly with regard to the current provision of patient education and the monitoring of medication adherence 36–38 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and attitudes of gout patients and their perspectives about diagnosis and management: A cross‐sectional study in Saudi Arabia

Khormi,

Basalem,

Al Muaddi

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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BackgroundGout is a chronic noncommunicable disease that might lead to multiple systemic complications if it is left untreated. The knowledge, attitudes, and perceptives among patients toward the diagnosis and management of gout are important indicators in determining the prognosis and predicting sequelae of the disease. This cross‐sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives of patients diagnosed with gout toward the disease diagnosis and treatment.MethodologyAn observational cross‐sectional study was conducted at university clinics and local health facilities in central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for the duration between April and August 2022. Pearson χ2 test was used to determine the difference in the proportion of patients who adapt different attitudes and perspectives in terms of their demographic variables. Statistical significance was defined as a p value less than .05.ResultsTwo‐hundred thirteen patients were involved in this study. The majority of the patients (84.0%) were diagnosed for more than 1 year. The majority of the patients (76.5%) were aged 25–60 years when they were diagnosed with gout. The most common complaint at the time of the diagnosis was joint pain (73.7%). The most commonly reported gout medication treatment being used was allopurinol accounting for 23.0%. The majority of the patients (83.6%) were satisfied regarding the effects of gout management on their job performance, work life, and careers. The vast majority (97.5%) reported that they are satisfied with the health service provided.ConclusionThe patients diagnosed with gout in Saudi Arabia exhibited a satisfactory level of information, attitude, and perspectives regarding their condition. The participants expressed a significant degree of satisfaction with the impact of gout management on their occupational performance, work‐life balance, and professional plans. Additional research is necessary to ascertain the risk factors associated with gout and provide suitable preventative interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and attitudes of gout patients and their perspectives about diagnosis and management: A cross‐sectional study in Saudi Arabia

Khormi,

Basalem,

Al Muaddi

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…11 Drugs that intervene in uric acid synthesis and metabolism include allopurinol, probenecid, benzbromarone, and febuxostat. 12 Drugs that increase uric acid excretion mainly include diuretics, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, and uric acid transport inhibitors. In clinical practice, a combination of the above drugs is usually used to achieve the goal of controlling uric acid levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of febuxostat combined with a low‐purine diet and allopurinol combined with a low‐purine diet on the improvement of gout patients

Chen,

Ye,

Dai

et al. 2024

Int J of Rheum Dis

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ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of febuxostat combined with a low‐purine diet versus allopurinol combined with a low‐purine diet in the treatment of gout.MethodsIn this prospective controlled trial, 98 gout patients admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled as study subjects. Patients were randomly assigned to the study group (febuxostat combined with a low‐purine diet) and the control group (allopurinol combined with a low‐purine diet), with 49 patients in each group. The therapeutic effect was evaluated based on joint function and serum uric acid levels after treatment, and classified into three levels: markedly effective, effective, and ineffective. The levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor‐a (TNF‐a), cytokine interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), and interleukin (IL)‐18 (IL‐18), were collected. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used to assess the degree of pain in patients. Clinical indicators before and 6 months after treatment were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in age and gender between the two groups. After 6 months of treatment, the effective rate in the study group (48 cases, 97.96%) was higher than that in the control group (42 cases, 85.71%), with a statistically significant difference (p = .027). At the same time, the study group had significantly lower levels of serum uric acid (162.39 μmol/L ± 17.23 μmol/L vs. S198.32 μmol/L ± 18.34 μmol/L, p < .001), creatinine (87.39 mmol/L ± 9.76 mmol/L vs. 92.18 mmol/L ± 9.27 mmol/L, p = .014), total cholesterol (3.65 mmol/L ± 0.65 mmol/L vs. 4.76 mmol/L ± 0.73 mmol/L, p < .001), and triglycerides (1.76 mmol/L ± 0.32 mmol/L vs. 2.28 mmol/L ± 0.41 mmol/L, p < .001) compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (p < .05). After treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors and degree of pain in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all p < .05). During the treatment process, the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group (2 cases, 4.08%) was lower than that in the control group (9 cases, 18.37%), with a statistically significant difference (p = .025).ConclusionFebuxostat combined with a low‐purine diet can reduce inflammatory factors and alleviate the degree of pain in gout patients, significantly improving their clinical symptoms.

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“…Uric acid crystals can accumulate in joints and other positions causing disability, especially in metatarsophalangeal 1 joints. Due to joint pain, inflammation, and flares, gout poses a major burden on the patient's daily life, and even causes disability (5). Patients with gout have a higher risk of death from all causes, especially cardiovascular disease (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pegloticase for the treatment of chronic refractory gout through meta-analysis

Fan

Wang

Song

et al. 2023

IRDR

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chronic refractory gout, pegloticase, meta-analysis Gout is the most common arthritis that affects more than 2% of adults in developed countries. 3% to 4% of gout is chronic refractory gout. Conventional treatments are considered invalid. A new drug, pegloticase is used to treat chronic refractory gout, and there are still many questions about efficacy and safety. We searched PubMed, web of science, and the Cochrane Library. Preprints and references of related literature were also considered. Related efficacy and safety indicators were statistically analyzed by Review Manager 5.4 to conduct meta-analysis. A total of one article and one clinical trial were included. Pegloticase is able to reduce serum uric acid and reduce tender joints, thereby improving joint function. But pegloticase has more adverse events. Pegloticase can be used to treat chronic refractory gout. However, Pegloticase has a higher risk of adverse events. Considering the efficacy and safety, the scope of clinical applications of pegloticase can be further widened in patients in good medical condition.

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A comprehensive review on gout: the epidemiological trends, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Knowledge and attitudes of gout patients and their perspectives about diagnosis and management: A cross‐sectional study in Saudi Arabia

Knowledge and attitudes of gout patients and their perspectives about diagnosis and management: A cross‐sectional study in Saudi Arabia

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of febuxostat combined with a low‐purine diet and allopurinol combined with a low‐purine diet on the improvement of gout patients

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pegloticase for the treatment of chronic refractory gout through meta-analysis

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