A comprehensive review on fresh state rheological properties of extrusion mortars designed for 3D printing applications

Saruhan, Vedat; Keskinateş, Muhammer; Felekoğlu, Burak

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127629

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In general, constituent materials employed in 3DPCC are the same as other cement-based materials, which are cement, SCM, fine aggregates, and admixtures, but in different proportions [ 93 ]. As discussed in Section 4 , 3DPCC requires a large quantity of cement, SCM, and a combination of different admixtures [ 13 , 17 ].…”

Section: Powder Constituent Materials: Characterization and Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed in Section 4 , 3DPCC requires a large quantity of cement, SCM, and a combination of different admixtures [ 13 , 17 ]. Mixtures are usually designed in the scale of mortar with limited aggregate fraction and particle size generally inferior to 2 mm [ 93 , 94 ]. Characteristics of 3D printing equipment and the dimensions of the nozzles are the main factors conditioning the particle size of 3DPCC [ 13 ].…”

Section: Powder Constituent Materials: Characterization and Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

Fonseca¹,

Matos

2023

Materials

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Three-dimensional Cementitious materials Printing (3DCP) is a cutting-edge technology for the construction industry. Three-dimensional printed buildings have shown that a well-developed automated technology can foster valuable benefits, such as a freeform architectural design without formworks and reduced human intervention. However, scalability, commercialization and sustainability of the 3DPC technology remain critical issues. The current work presents the ecological fragility, challenges and opportunities inherent in decreasing the 3DCP environmental footprint at a material level (cementitious materials and aggregates). The very demanding performance of printable mixtures, namely in a fresh state, requires high dosages of cement and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). Besides the heavy carbon footprint of cement production, the standard SCM availability might be an issue, especially in the longer term. One exciting option to decrease the embodied CO2 of 3DCP is, for example, to incorporate alternative and locally available SCM as partial cement replacements. Those alternative SCM can be wastes or by-products from industries or agriculture, with no added value. Moreover, the partial replacement of natural aggregate can also bring advantages for natural resource preservation. This work has highlighted the enormous potential of 3DCP to contribute to reducing the dependence on Portland cement and to manage the current colossal wastes and by-products with no added value, shifting to a Circular Economy. Though LCA analysis, mixture design revealed a critical parameter in the environmental impact of 3DCP elements or buildings. Even though cement significantly affects the LCA of 3DCP, it is crucial to achieving adequate fresh properties and rheology. From the literature survey, mixtures formulated with alternative SCM (wastes or by-products) are still restricted to rice husk ash, Municipal Solid Waste ashes and recycled powder from construction and demolition wastes. Natural aggregate replacement research has been focused on recycled fine sand, mine tailing, copper tailing, iron tailing, ornamental stone waste, recycled glass, crumb rubber, rubber powder and granules, recycled PET bottles and steel slag. However, flowability loss and mechanical strength decrease are still critical. Research efforts are needed to find low-carbon cement replacements and mix-design optimization, leading to a more sustainable and circular 3DCP while ensuring the final product performance.

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Section: Powder Constituent Materials: Characterization and Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Powder Constituent Materials: Characterization and Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

Fonseca¹,

Matos

2023

Materials

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“…One of the pivotal materials in this context is mortar, which is responsible for forming the structural elements of 3D-printed buildings. The suitability of mortar for 3D printing hinges on several crucial properties [1][2][3]. Among these, flow is vital, denoting the material's ability to smoothly navigate through the printer nozzle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly 3D Printing Mortar with Low Cement Content: Investigation on Printability and Mechanical Properties

Sukontasukkul,

Komkham,

Jamnam

et al. 2024

Civ Eng J

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The conventional approach to achieving optimal printability and buildability in 3D printing mortar relies heavily on cement, which is both costly and environmentally detrimental due to substantial carbon emissions from its production. This study aims to mitigate these issues by investigating the viability of slag as a partial substitute for cement, with the goal of developing an eco-friendly alternative. The newly formulated mortar, featuring a 30% reduction in cement content (from 830 to 581 kg/m3) and the inclusion of 0.10% micro-fibers, exhibits properties comparable to conventional 3D printing mortar. The research is structured into two parts: Part 1 focuses on determining the optimal fiber content, while Part 2 delves into the investigation of fiber-reinforced mortar with reduced cement content for 3D printing. Criteria were established to ensure mortar flow at 115%, initial printable time below 60 minutes, and 7-day compressive strength exceeding 28 MPa. Part 1 results indicate that a fiber content of 0.1% by volume meets the specified requirements. In Part 2, it was observed that increasing the slag replacement percentage extended the initial printable time and time gap. However, even at a 30% replacement rate, the initial printable time remained within the acceptable range, partially attributed to the presence of fibers in the mix. Additionally, higher slag content led to increased flow and reduced filament height in the mixes. Notably, all formulations surpassed the 7-day compressive strength threshold. These findings underscore the potential of slag as a sustainable alternative to cement in 3D printing fiber-reinforced mortar, offering promising prospects for environmentally friendly construction practices. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-010 Full Text: PDF

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Flow Characteristics of Cement Mortar with Varied Silica Fume for Additive Construction

Diwan,

Patel,

Pal

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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A comprehensive review on fresh state rheological properties of extrusion mortars designed for 3D printing applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 83 publications

3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

Eco-friendly 3D Printing Mortar with Low Cement Content: Investigation on Printability and Mechanical Properties

Flow Characteristics of Cement Mortar with Varied Silica Fume for Additive Construction

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