A comprehensive review on fish-inspired robots

Abstract

Recently, the increasing interest in underwater exploration motivates the development of aquatic unmanned vehicles. To execute hazardous tasks in an unknown or even hostile environment, researchers have directed on developing biomimetic robots inspired by the extraordinary maneuverability, cruising speed, and propulsion efficiency of fish. Nevertheless, the performance of current prototypes still has gaps compared with that of real fishes. In this review, recent approaches in structure designs, actuators, and sensors are presented. In addition, the theoretical methods for modeling the robotic fishes are consolidated, and the control strategies are offered. Finally, the current challenges are summarized, and possible future directions are deeply discussed. It is expected that the emergence of new engineering and biological technologies will enhance the field of robotic fish for further advancement.

Altering Fish Behavior by Sensing Swarm Patterns of Fish in an Artificial Aquatic Environment Using an Interactive Robotic Fish

“…The most common approach to creating robotic fish typically uses a slim body shape with a multi-jointed body structure [ 3 ]. The body displacement of fish categorizes fish into five main categories: Anguilliform, Subcarangiform, Carangiforrm, Thunniform, and Ostraciiform [ 13 ]. Our approach is to develop a model that imitates the Ostraciiform motion; thus, unlike the other methods involving carangiform and sub-carangiform locomotion, the robotic fish generates thrusts using only its caudal fin [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…Robotic fish can serve as automated agents in various endeavors to enhance human–fish interaction. At present, a significant portion of robotic fish research is dedicated to creating biomimetic robots, monitoring ocean conditions, and analyzing fish behavior [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Additionally, they can be utilized in aquaculture to monitor fish behavior and optimize fish farming conditions.…”

Metal–air batteries for powering robots

“…8 Schematic illustration of the wide range of robotic applications of MABs. 141,[143][144][145] the requirements of various components, the internal structure of robots includes numerous power management units, converters, and complex power circuits, thereby increasing their volume and mass.…”

“…177 For example, by imitating the streamlined bodies, fins, and tails of fish, robots can swiftly navigate through water. 143 However, traditional power systems have limited energy capacity, posing significant challenges to the endurance and economic viability of robots in marine applications.…”

Underwater Undulating Propulsion Biomimetic Robots: A Review

“…In summary, undulating propulsion underwater biomimetic robots are increasingly favored by scholars due to their good maneuverability and stability. Distinct from previous reviews [ 7 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], this work provides a review of undulating propulsion biomimetic robots, especially the different types of propulsion mechanisms. The review is organized as follows: In Section 2 , the swimming patterns of fish are described.…”