A comprehensive review on contaminants removal from pharmaceutical wastewater by electrocoagulation process

Khalid, Zaied Bin; Rashid, Mamunur; Nasrullah, Mohd; Zularisam, A. W.; Pant, Deepak; Singh, Lakhveer

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138095

Cited by 192 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…In the EC operation, pH is an influencing factor in removing suspended particles by producing Fe 3 + (from Fe 2 +) (Zaied et al, 2020). The surface charge of coagulant can change with a change in pH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The removal of the inorganic pollutants takes place through adsorption on to coagulant or due to chemical precipitation; both the mechanisms are pH‐dependent (Damaraju et al, 2020b). EC process, when coupled with other treatments like anaerobic fixed film bed reactor (AFFBR) and photocatalysis, enhanced the biodegradability of emerging contaminants (Zaied et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domestic wastewater treatment in a coupled sequential batch reactor‐electrochemical reactor process

Akula

Gaddam

Damaraju

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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The effectiveness of a sequenced biological–physicochemical reactor system for treating sewage was studied. The biological degradation was conducted in a Sequential Batch Reactor, which had innovative features for simplifying the operation and maintenance of the reactor. The reactor was operated at 4, 6, 8, and 12 hr cycle. Up to 82% removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 50% removal of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), 45% removal of Total Nitrogen (TN), and 45% removal of Total Phosphorus (TP) were achieved. The treated effluent was further polished in a continuous‐flow bipolar‐mode electrochemical reactor to remove additional recalcitrant organic matter from the wastewater. The process parameters were optimized using Response Surface Methodology. At the optimum condition (pH = 8.7; Current = 1.0; reaction time = 9.0), up to 90% removal of COD, 67% removal of DOC, 61% removal of TN, and 99.9% removal of TP were achieved in the coupled system. Micropollutants belonging to Pharmaceutically Active Compounds, pesticides, etc., were significantly removed. The coupled system completely removed Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. However, coliforms were detected at the outlet samples. A UV or ozone disinfection treatment is recommended for the safe reuse of the treated water for nonpotable purposes. Practioner points Sequential sequential batch reactor‐electrochemical reactor process (SBR‐ECR) technology is effective for micropollutant removal from sewage. The coupled SBR‐ECR system requires less footprint compared to conventional biological systems for wastewater treatment. Carbon material balance study revealed that more than 60% of carbon escapes from wastewater in the form of CO2

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic wastewater treatment in a coupled sequential batch reactor‐electrochemical reactor process

Akula

Gaddam

Damaraju

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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“…Its short half-life may allow treated water to be released without any environmental concern. The issue related to ozonation is increase in the water acidity level ( Zaied et al., 2020 ). Due to its instability in water, it is often unable to provide a stable disinfectant residual with no continuous disinfection effect..…”

Section: Possible Remedial Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concerns and strategies for wastewater treatment during COVID-19 pandemic to stop plausible transmission

Kataki

Chatterjee

Vairale

et al. 2021

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Along with outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, the problem of biomedical wastewater disposal has caused widespread public concern, as reportedly the presence is confirmed in wastewater. Keeping in mind (i) available evidence indicating need to better understand potential of wastewater mediated transmission and (ii) knowledge gaps in its occurrence, viability, persistence, and inactivation in wastewater, in this present work, we wanted to re-emphasize some strategies for management of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated wastewater to minimise any possible secondary transmission to human and environment. The immediate challenges to consider while considering wastewater management are uncertainty about this new biothreat, relying on prediction based treatments options, significant population being the latent asymptomatic carrier increased risk of passing out of the virus to sewage network, inadequacy of wastewater treatment facility particularly in populated developing countries and increased generation of wastewater due to increased cleanliness concern. In absence of regulated central treatment facility, installation of decentralized wastewater treatment units with single or multiple disinfection barriers in medical units, quarantine centre, isolation wards, testing facilities seems to be urgent for minimizing any potential risk of wastewater transmission. Employing some emerging disinfectants (peracetic acid, performic acid, sodium dichloro isocyanurate, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, benzalconium chloride) shows prospects in terms of virucidal properties. However, there is need of additional research on coronaviruses specific disinfection data generation, regular monitoring of performance considering all factors influencing virus survival, performance evaluation in actual water treatment, need of augmenting disinfection dosages, environmental considerations to select the most appropriate disinfection technology.

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“…Coagulants that are applied to the water are used to withdraw the forces that stabilize the colloidal particles and allow the particles to be suspended in the water. For one liter of the sample, the five different concentrations of coagulant was added as 1-5 gm, after adding the component and 20 mins running condition in different rpm level (100 rpm-500 rpm) [12], the turbidity level was checked with a different concentrated solution. The efficiency of the coagulation process was determined.…”

Section: Phase-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of RO Rejects Wastewater by Integrated Coagulation Cum Adsorption Process

Kumar¹,

Kalyani²,

Mahendran³

et al. 2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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This research proposed to treat the RO rejected wastewater in a household plant by the integrated treatment system. The possibility of wellhead water treatment by the combined treatment system of coagulation and adsorption for salinity reduction via flexible high recovery RO system was evaluated through analysis of treatment options on a laboratory scale. The naturally available gooseberry seed used as a coagulant in phase-1. It reduced 99.3% of TDS and hardness. It also increases the DO level of RO reject water, at the same time it increases turbidity and color. Turbidity and color removed by surface-modified zeolite in the phase-2. The zeolite material was taken in temperature 400ºC as adsorbent of 6 cm column achieved 8NTU in 150 mmin. The 12 cm column was achieved 7.5NTU in 150 mins. Thomas and Thomson modelling well fitted with an experimental study. The regression correlation reached up to 0.942, 0.9810 and 0.984. It is apparent from the recorded SEM patterns study. This study concludes that the coagulation by Goosperry seed produced the highest removal of TDS and hardness and in the adsorption process, with 400ºC enhances the surface morphology and porous structure indicates that heating with higher-level temperature enhances the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent material. The highest efficiency is observed in hydrothermal hotness.

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A comprehensive review on contaminants removal from pharmaceutical wastewater by electrocoagulation process

Cited by 192 publications

References 173 publications

Domestic wastewater treatment in a coupled sequential batch reactor‐electrochemical reactor process

Domestic wastewater treatment in a coupled sequential batch reactor‐electrochemical reactor process

Concerns and strategies for wastewater treatment during COVID-19 pandemic to stop plausible transmission

Treatment of RO Rejects Wastewater by Integrated Coagulation Cum Adsorption Process

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