A comprehensive review on Citrus aurantifolia essential oil: its phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects

Abstract

Citrus essential oil, commonly, known as lime oil, has been widely reported in traditional system of medicine. Industrially, oil is isolated by mainly by hydrodistillation from fruit and peel of Citrus aurantifolia, family, Rutaceae. Cultivation practice of citrus plants dates back for over 4000 years and are one of most valuable fruit crops in the world. In this review, we aim to summarise the phytochemical and biological properties of citrus oil. The literature was collected from various online resources such as e journals, books and magazines. The citrus essential oil is globally used in food industry to impart citric flavour and odour to cuisines. Llime juice and oil is known to possess multiple biological properties including anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, antityphoid and hepatoprotective properties. Due to potent antibacterial and antifungal properties, citrus oil is becoming important component of skin care products. The medicinal importance of plant is due to presence of various secondary metabolites, alkaloids, carotenoids, coumarins, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids. The citrus oil is rich in aromatic compounds namely, monoterpenes and their derivatives, aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcohols such as limonene (58.4%), β-pinene (15.4%), γ-terpinene (8.5%), citral (4.4%) and others. The bitter taste and aroma of citrus fruit peels is attributed to limonoids. p-caryophyllene constitute 5.7% of all the sesquiterpenes. On the basis of the available information, we conclude that citrus oil possess huge potential to be developed into pharmaceutical products.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Proliferation of Fibroblast Cells Activities of Citrus Essential Oils

“…Besides that, they also have oxygenated monoterpenes about 21%, and the rest are sesquiterpene compounds. This finding was supported by other studies which found differences in chemical profiles in the peel, leaves, and flowers of citrus species [4], [18].…”

“…The most popular types of citrus are Sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), Mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco), Grapefruits (Citrus paradisi Macfadyen), Lemons (Citrus limon Burmann), and Limes (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Flavonoids, limonoids, coumarins and furanocoumarins, sterols, essential oils (EO), organic acids, and alkaloids are among the many biologically active secondary metabolites found in members of this genus [4].…”

“…Many articles report the chemical content and antibacterial properties of lime oil (Citrus aurantiifolia), but the activity on fibroblast cell proliferation has not been reported (Jain et al, 2020). Likewise, with Citrus x aurantiifolia ("Sundai Acid"), there is still little research on the EO of this plant.…”

Therapeutic Potentials of Antiviral Plants Used in Traditional African Medicine With COVID-19 in Focus: A Nigerian Perspective

“…Swingle ( Aracil and Green, 2019 ) and Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae). Interestingly, available evidence indicates that these promising antimalarial plants additionally have the potential to tackle oxidative stress, regulate inflammatory response and stimulate the immune system to overcome complications observed in COVID-19 [ Level III ] ( Haudecoeur et al, 2018 ; Asante et al, 2019 ; Madzuki et al, 2019 ; Afolayan et al, 2020 ; Jain et al, 2020 ; Zibaee et al, 2020 ). Meanwhile, some of these reports lack quality and will require validation.…”

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“…Swingle (Aracil and Green, 2019) and Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae). Interestingly, available evidence indicates that these promising antimalarial plants additionally have the potential to tackle oxidative stress, regulate inflammatory response and stimulate the immune system to overcome complications observed in COVID-19 [Level III] (Haudecoeur et al, 2018;Asante et al, 2019;Madzuki et al, 2019;Afolayan et al, 2020;Jain et al, 2020;Zibaee et al, 2020). Meanwhile, some of these reports lack quality and will require validation.…”