A Comprehensive Review on AISI 4340 Hardened Steel: Emphasis on Industry Implemented Machining Settings, Implications, and Statistical Analysis

Bag, Rabinarayan; Panda, Amlana; Sahoo, Ashok Kumar; Kumar, Ramanuj

doi:10.30880/ijie.2020.12.08.007

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…By employing Equal Channel Angular Pressing, a homogeneous UFG AA5083 with an average grain size of 0.64 μm was successfully achieved. In comparison to its coarsegrained counterpart, the UFG alloy exhibits a significant improvement in strength-ductility synergy [51][52]. After 30 minutes of annealing at 300 0 C, the UFG alloy shows a further increase in strength with only a slight decrease in ductility, indicating the presence of annealing hardening.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mechanical characteristics and crystallographic texture of AA5083 during Equal Channel Angular Pressing Technique

Singh,

Agrawal

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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AA5083 bars processed by four pass ambient Equal Channel Angular Pressing were subjected to intersection annealing, where time and temperature were varied after each pass. The microstructures, texturing and compressive characteristics of the samples were meticulously examined. Due to the high annealing temperatures, both ultimate tensile strength and compressive stresses decreased with increasing grain size. However, intersection annealing at room temperature resulted in the best compressive yield strength. The deformation behavior of AA5083 billets was investigated using finite element analysis. Electron back scatter diffraction was employed to examine the texture of the Equal Channel Angular Pressed billet crystals. Extensive research was conducted on the tensile properties and Vickers microhardness. The finite element simulations revealed that the 900 die exhibited a significantly more uniform dispersion of plastic strain compared to the 1200 die. The renewal of additional slip mechanisms during the four Pass process was attributed to the grain refining that occurred after the 1-Pass and 2-Pass stages. Equal Channel Angular Pressing successfully produced a homogeneously ultra-fine grained microstructure. The increase in strength was attributed to grain refining and dislocation strengthening. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the ECAPed approach of AA5083 providing insights into the deformation behavior and polycrystal formation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mechanical characteristics and crystallographic texture of AA5083 during Equal Channel Angular Pressing Technique

Singh,

Agrawal

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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“…An important factor is the cutting time and tool wear rate, where both of these should be minimalised simultaneously [6]. However, in turning of hard surfaces, higher heat is produced, which causes increased tool wear on the cutting tool [7]. In the application of hard tool materials different compositions should be used for different applications, which requires further optimization [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical determination of high-feed turning procedures by the application of constructive geometric modeling

Sztankovics

2024

FME Transactions

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The development of different machining procedures requires the exact mathematical description of those. This is especially important in finishing procedures, where the final geometry and surface characteristics of the parts are produced. In this paper, three high-feed turning procedures are analysed: skiving turning, tangential turning, and rotational turning. All three promise the creation is ground-like surfaces with low roughness characteristics, while reaching high values of productivity. The analytical determination of these procedures is carried out by the application of constructive tool geometric modeling. After the analysis of the kinematic and geometric relations of each procedure, the proper coordinate systems are defined. The transformational equations are determined, which describe the geometric boundary conditions and the movement of the workpiece and the tool. In the next step, the equation of motion is defined for the three studied procedure. Finally, the one variable equation of the cut surface section in the base plane is determined. Experiments were also carried out, which validated the achieved results.

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“…with such steel workpieces, specifically termed as hard turning, has been attempted and researched using different techniques, viz. use of advanced cutting tools, such as CVD and PVD coated tool inserts (Sushil et al, 2017); application of forced cooling systems with different temperature gradients, such as cryogenics (Roy et al, 2018), (Bag et al, 2020) and/or in ambient conditions; and use of nanomaterials in machining, to achieve better surface qualities (generally 1 µm), low energy consumption for machining, ease of machining by lowering cutting forces, and better cutting edged tools based on tool geometry, viz. nose radius and reduction of tool wear by decreasing cutting temperature gradients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Surface Roughness and Temperatures in Vegetable Oil-based n-MQL Turning of AISI 4340 Steel

2024

EPPM-Journal

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Machining of hard materials has been difficult and expensive because of poor surface smoothness, early tool failures, etc. When used in machining hard materials, such as medium and high carbon, cast steels, Inconel, and other alloys, nanomaterials combined with base fluids, such as water and oils, provide superior results in terms of surface finish and low cutting temperatures. To enhance our understanding of the field of machining and its applications, a comprehensive literature assessment on machining steels using nanofluids with/without the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) approach was conducted. This research aims to investigate the performance of nanofluids (n-Al 2 O 3 , n-MoS 2 , and n-graphene) mixed with coconut oil in various proportions and injected into the tool-work interface using the MQL mist system. Output responses, such as surface roughness values, and cutting temperatures, were measured. The cutting temperatures were determined using an infrared camera and a k-type thermocouple, and the surface roughness was determined using a Talysurf surface meter. Cutting parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, were maintained constant throughout the experiments. The experiments comprised a single factor (MQL fluid) with eight levels. Multiresponse optimization using grey relational coefficients showed that n-Al 2 O 3 and n-MoS 2 hybrid combinations with coconut oil yielded better results, i.e., higher ranks, compared with n-graphene mixtures in coconut oils. The experimental findings demonstrated that nanofluids outperformed pure coconut oil. Nano-Al 2 O 3 combined with coconut oil produced a superior surface finish, lowered the cutting temperatures, and ensured minimum chip thickness.

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A Comprehensive Review on AISI 4340 Hardened Steel: Emphasis on Industry Implemented Machining Settings, Implications, and Statistical Analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 87 publications

Mechanical characteristics and crystallographic texture of AA5083 during Equal Channel Angular Pressing Technique

Mechanical characteristics and crystallographic texture of AA5083 during Equal Channel Angular Pressing Technique

Analytical determination of high-feed turning procedures by the application of constructive geometric modeling

Investigations of Surface Roughness and Temperatures in Vegetable Oil-based n-MQL Turning of AISI 4340 Steel

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