A comprehensive review of tsunami and palaeotsunami research in Chile

León, Tomás; Lau, A. Y. Annie; Easton, Gabriel; Goff, James

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104273

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Sin embargo, las evidencias geológicas que permiten reconstruirlo y profundizar en su conocimiento se han preservado de manera puntual y heterogénea, muy probablemente debido a la escasa abundancia y pequeñas dimensiones de los humedales costeros de la zona, que actúan como trampas naturales para este tipo de sedimentos. Igual o mayor importancia parecen haber tenido la actuación de procesos postdeposicionales sobre estos materiales (formación de calcretas y gypsicretas) y la erosión y transporte del viento sobre los depósitos arenosos depositados en las zonas supramareales tras la inundación marina (León et al, 2023). Por el contrario, los campos de bloques en zonas acantiladas, con un amplio potencial de conservación, parecen tener especial relevancia en este contexto, así como el depósito de capas de arenas de origen marino en áreas de ocupación humana, que incluyen artefactos y facilitan su reconocimiento y fechado.…”

Section: Discusión Y Conclusionesunclassified

El registro de tsunamis en costas áridas: 100 años después del tsunami de 1922 de Atacama en el norte de Chile

Abad de los Santos,

Izquierdo Labraca,

Forch

et al. 2023

Geogaceta

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El terremoto de Atacama del 11 de noviembre de 1922 (Mw 8,5 – 8,6) es el segundo mayor terremoto ocurrido en Chile en el siglo XX. En este trabajo revisamos los depósitos asociados a este evento tsunamigénico y presentamos nuevas evidencias de su registro en la costa del desierto de Atacama. Las evidencias geológicas aparecen de manera muy puntual y heterogénea debido a la escasez de contextos ambientales adecuados para su conservación, destacando el buen potencial de preservación de los campos de bloques en zonas acantiladas. Es probable que grandes eventos tsunamigénicos ocurridos durante el Presente Interglaciar en costas áridas, como la del desierto de Atacama, hayan pasado desapercibidos hasta la fecha, siendo necesarios estudios multidisciplinares y enfocados a escenarios muy concretos para su correcta identificación y análisis.

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Section: Discusión Y Conclusionesunclassified

El registro de tsunamis en costas áridas: 100 años después del tsunami de 1922 de Atacama en el norte de Chile

Abad de los Santos,

Izquierdo Labraca,

Forch

et al. 2023

Geogaceta

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“…Sedimentary settings such as the low-energy coastal environments described above are able to preserve evidence of past tsunamis as a proxy for large earthquakes (Figure 2.3), even at locations where no coseismic deformation is observed (Hocking et al, 2021;Ishizawa et al, 2022;Witter et al, 2019). Studies that date successive sequences of extensive tsunami sand sheets in Alaska, Chile, Japan, Russia and New Zealand have contributed important understanding of the location of frequency of subduction zone ruptures (Ando et al, 2018;Ely et al, 2014;Hutchinson & Clague, 2017;Ishimura, 2017;León et al, 2022;Pinegina & Bourgeois, 2001;Pizer et al, 2021). Driven by the 2011 Tōhoku-oki earthquake (Tamura et al, 2015;Yoshikawa et al, 2015) some studies have also considered the value of tsunami deposits preserved in shallow offshore regions as recorders of past earthquakes but these has been less widely applied thus far (Costa et al, 2021;Feist et al, 2023;Kümmerer et al, 2020;Quintela et al, 2016;Riou et al, 2020).…”

Section: Paleotsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating onshore and offshore paleoseismic evidence to reveal past large earthquakes on the weakly coupled central Hikurangi margin, New Zealand

Pizer

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Determining the location and recurrence of seismic slip at subduction zones is essential for constraining the hazard posed by great earthquakes. Although modern geodetic observations have revealed interseismically locked regions of the plate interface, it is unclear to what degree this reflects the potential for future rupture given the broad spectrum of possible slip behaviour and short instrumental record. Developing paleoearthquake records over multiple seismic cycles is therefore a powerful method of understanding spatiotemporal patterns in seismic slip behaviour at subduction margins. Conditionally stable parts of the plate interface adjacent to locked patches are identified as particularly important places to constrain long-term behaviour due to their potential to host multiple styles of interface slip.This thesis explores temporal variation in slip behaviour at subduction zones by investigating the paleoseismic record on the weakly coupled central Hikurangi margin in New Zealand. Previously, interpretation of paleoearthquake evidence in this region has been hindered by poorly constrained chronology, sparse distribution of study sites and incomplete consideration of source faults. Generating new paleoearthquake records was therefore necessary to constrain the timing and extent of large earthquakes, and to decipher whether they could represent rupture of the plate interface. Where precisely-dated tephra isochrons are available, they can provide a useful tool for accurate chronostratigraphic correlation between paleoseismic sites and improved temporal constraints within age-depth models of Holocene paleoearthquake chronologies. The age of the Waimihia tephra isochron was refined to 3574–3478 cal yr BP using integrated age modelling of 42 radiocarbon dates from proximal, distal onshore, and distal offshore locations. Using the refined isochron age alongside 68 radiocarbon dates, a new 5000-year record of four precisely-dated paleoearthquakes was generated at the Pakuratahi Valley near Napier, as a key locality for examining onshore coseismic deformation on the central Hikurangi margin. The evidence of both coseismic subsidence and uplift could have been caused by earthquakes on upper plate faults and/or the plate interface. To better distinguish between these sources and expand the paleoseismic record in space and time, a 7000- year record of seismoturbidites was developed from a suite of submarine sediment cores spanning the central margin. Integrating the onshore and offshore datasets permitted better characterization of evidence for widespread synchronous deformation across the central margin. The new interpretation of paleoseismic correlations suggests rupture of upper plate faults could generate some of the observed patterns of surface deformation, but that seismic slip on the subduction interface is likely for most earthquakes.Temporal agreement between the central Hikurangi paleoearthquakes and subduction earthquakes recorded on the southern, locked section of the margin provides strong evidence that multi-section ruptures, spanning a distance of >300 km, may have occurred. Examining the pattern of coseismic deformation on the central margin alongside current understanding of geophysical properties highlights the weakly coupled region of the interface between slow slip zones as an important location for propagating rupture along-strike from the locked patch. Conditional stability of this region is implied as a mechanism for supporting coseismic slip on the currently creeping part of the central Hikurangi margin. These observations add to the growing literature that suggests weakly coupled parts of the plate interface adjacent to locked patches can host multiple modes of interface slip and should therefore be considered a region of significant seismic hazard, due to their ability to support great (>Mw 8) multi-section subduction earthquakes.

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Reconstruction of extreme floods and tsunamis from coastal sedimentary archives in Los Choros, Coquimbo region, 28°S, Chile

Araya,

Dezileau,

Muñoz

et al. 2024

Nat Hazards

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A comprehensive review of tsunami and palaeotsunami research in Chile

Cited by 7 publications

References 96 publications

El registro de tsunamis en costas áridas: 100 años después del tsunami de 1922 de Atacama en el norte de Chile

El registro de tsunamis en costas áridas: 100 años después del tsunami de 1922 de Atacama en el norte de Chile

Integrating onshore and offshore paleoseismic evidence to reveal past large earthquakes on the weakly coupled central Hikurangi margin, New Zealand

Reconstruction of extreme floods and tsunamis from coastal sedimentary archives in Los Choros, Coquimbo region, 28°S, Chile

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