A comprehensive review of treatment options for recalcitrant nongenital cutaneous warts

Leerunyakul, Kanchana; Thammarucha, Sasima; Suchonwanit, Poonkiat; Rutnin, Suthinee

doi:10.1080/09546634.2020.1737635

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 137 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They can be divided into three categories: destructive, cytotoxic agents and immunotherapy. 28 Regarding the many local treatments, it seems that scientific evidence is still scarce, even for the most recommended ones that are part of the usual therapeutic arsenal.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imiquimod is an immunomodulatory drug that acts on the innate and adaptive response, induces the production and release of Interferon (IFN)-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-12, in addition to promoting the activation of natural killer cells, promoting the interruption of viral replication. 25 , 27 , 28 Although its use is well established for the treatment of Genital Warts (GW), there is still insufficient evidence about its effectiveness in CW. 27 The drug is used at a 5% concentration and varying doses have been proposed in studies.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 27 The drug is used at a 5% concentration and varying doses have been proposed in studies. 27 , 28 Erythema, edema and erosions may occur. 27 It can be used in combination with destructive methods in an attempt to reduce local recurrence.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 27 It can be used in combination with destructive methods in an attempt to reduce local recurrence. 28 …”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dinitrochlorobenzene has been used in the past with promising results, but it is no longer indicated due to its mutagenic potential. 26 , 28 Diphencyprone has been used for this purpose because it is more potent and less mutagenic. The application of 0.001% diphencyprone to glabrous skin and 0.0001% to other regions showed a good response in previously sensitized patients.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Update on human papillomavirus – Part II: complementary diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis

Araújo

Magalhães

Garcia

et al. 2021

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this nonsystematic review, the complementary diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of human papillomavirus are discussed. The histopathology is addressed regarding its indications, main findings and limitations, as a complementary diagnostic method largely used by dermatologists. Electron microscopy is briefly reviewed, along with its contribution to the accumulated knowledge on HPV, as well as the relevance of research in using this technology for future advances in diagnosis and treatment. Molecular information about the virus is continuously increasing, and the practical applications of HPV serology, molecular identification and genotyping are discussed. Vaccines are a valuable tool in primary HPV infection prevention and are now available in many countries; their composition, indications, and adverse effects are revisited. Local and systemic treatment options are reviewed and off-label prescriptions are discussed. Finally, health education focusing on HPV infection as a sexually transmitted infection of worldwide relevance and the many barriers to improve primary and secondary prevention are addressed.

show abstract

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%