A comprehensive review of traditional uses, bioactivity potential, and chemical diversity of the genus Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Torres, Priscila Bezerra; Santos, Janaína Pires; Chow, Fungyi; Santos, Déborah Yara Alves Cursino dos

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2018.12.009

Cited by 96 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…In general, phenolic compounds are detected at low concentrations in the genus Gracilaria. Among the few phenolics already identified, there are bromophenols and benzoic acids [127]. Bromophenols are phenolic compounds found in red algae, with bromine substituent indistinct degrees [128].…”

Section: Phenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Red Seaweeds (Rhodophyta)

Cotas

Leandro

Pacheco

et al. 2020

Life

118

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The red seaweed group (Rhodophyta) is one of the phyla of macroalgae, among the groups Phaeophyceae and Chlorophyta, brown and green seaweeds, respectively. Nowadays, all groups of macroalgae are getting the attention of the scientific community due to the bioactive substances they produce. Several macroalgae products have exceptional properties with nutraceutical, pharmacological, and biomedical interest. The main compounds studied are the fatty acids, pigments, phenols, and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are the most exploited molecules, which are already widely used in various industries and are, presently, entering into more advanced applications from the therapeutic point of view. The focuses of this review are the red seaweeds’ compounds, its proprieties, and its uses. Moreover, this work discusses new possible applications of the compounds of the red seaweeds.

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Section: Phenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Red Seaweeds (Rhodophyta)

Cotas

Leandro

Pacheco

et al. 2020

Life

118

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“…High antioxidant responses in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts is not commonly observed in literature for G. gracilis , leading to the belief that little potential lies in crude water extracts [ 13 , 14 , 28 , 29 ]. From the published content that we gathered, this is a matter of experimental design, as most published content that screens G. gracilis for antioxidant potential using multiple solvents in solid-liquid extractions, does so in sequential fractionated procedures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adding the fact that approximately half of the global biodiversity exists in marine environments, the sea and its inhabitants provide a large source of novel, and potentially revolutionary bioactive compounds [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Red algae of the Gracilaria genus have gained increased commercial relevance in recent years as an aquacultured edible seaweed [ 13 ]. While already established as important sources of agar, recent studies have used Gracilaria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While already established as important sources of agar, recent studies have used Gracilaria spp. as a novel source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries [ 13 ]. It has been found that Gracilaria gracilis extracts obtained with either organic solvents or water can exhibit antioxidant activity, although the overall activities were reported to be subject to seasonality [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Gracilaria gracilis Extracts and Their Antioxidative Stability as Part of Microfiber Food Coating Additives

et al. 2020

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Incorporation of antioxidant agents in edible films and packages often relies in the usage of essential oils and other concentrated hydrophobic liquids, with reliable increases in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the overall composite, but with less desirable synthetic sources and extraction methods. Hydroethanolic extracts of commercially-available red macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis were evaluated for their antioxidant potential and phenolic content, as part of the selection of algal biomass for the enrichment of thermoplastic film coatings. The extracts were obtained through use of solid-liquid extractions, over which yield, DPPH radical reduction capacity, total phenolic content, and FRAP activity assays were measured. Solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction time, and ethanol percentages were selected as independent variables, and response surface methodology (RSM) was then used to estimate the effect of each extraction condition on the tested bioactivities. These extracts were electrospun into polypropylene films and the antioxidant activity of these coatings was measured. Similar bioactivities were measured for both 100% ethanolic and aqueous extracts, revealing high viability in the application of both for antioxidant coating purposes, though activity losses as a result of the electrospinning process were above 60% in all cases.

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“…MAAs, in addition to protecting against erythema, can reduce other negative biological effects as photocarcinogenesis, immunosupression CHYS, photisomerization of urocanic acid, or photo-aging [11,25]. Additionally, the genus Gracilaria has high potential as a source of high-value compounds and extracts for several applications [57]. However, only agar is commercially exploited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and Qualitative HPLC Analysis of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids Extracted in Distilled Water for Cosmetical Uses in Four Rhodophyta

et al. 2019

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Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) have gained considerable attention as highly active photoprotective candidates for human sunscreens. However, more studies are necessary to evaluate the extraction efficiencies of these metabolites in cosmetic compatible solvents, as well as, their subsequent HPLC analysis. In the present study, MAA extraction using distilled water and 20% aqueous methanol in four Rhodophyta was investigated. Different re-dissolution solvents and a C8 and C18 columns were tested for the HPLC analysis. Porphyra-334, shinorine, palythine, palythine-serine, asterina-330, and palythinol were identified by HPLC/ESI-MS. The separation of these MAAs were improved employing the C8-column, and using methanol as re-dissolution solvent. Regarding total MAAs concentrations, no differences between the two solvents were found. The highest MAA amounts were observed injecting them directly in the HPLC. According to these results, distilled water could be an excellent extraction solvent for MAAs. Nevertheless, the re-dissolution in pure methanol after dryness would be the best option for the qualitative analysis of the most common MAAs in these red algae. Our results entail important implications regarding the use of red macroalgae as promising candidates as environment-friendly sources of natural sunscreens. coefficients (ε = 28,100-50,000 L·mol −1 ·cm −1 ). They are secondary metabolites capable of absorbing UV radiation with the maximum absorbance between 310 and 365 nm [15][16][17]. MAAs have a general structure that consist of cyclohexenone or cyclohexenimine chromophores conjugated with one or two amino acids that are responsible of UV absorption [18]. The high photostability of MAAs over a wide range of temperature and pH, together with their antioxidant properties, make them promising metabolites in the biotechnology industry. These compounds are recognized as strong UV-absorbing molecules that can be used as an active ingredient in sun-care cosmetic products, therefore could be a potential supplement of chemical filters just used in sunscreens, also due to the fact that they could satisfy consumers who want the incorporation of natural ingredients. Additionally, MAAs could be effective against actinic erythema, but can also protect the humans against other biological effects such as immune suppression or photo-oxidative damage [11,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. So, MAAs are promising functional ingredients used for novel cosmeceuticals (cosmetic products with health benefits). In fact, MAAs have already been commercialized as Helioguard®365. This cosmetic reagent contains the MAAs, shinorine and porphyra-334, extracted from the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis and has been successfully commercialized as a natural and safe sunscreen compound. Nowadays, the MAA extraction protocols differ in type of solvents, temperature, and extraction times. The MAA extraction efficiencies and concentrations are affected by these conditions [26][27][28][29]. A variety of extraction and separation methods for MAAs have been...

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A comprehensive review of traditional uses, bioactivity potential, and chemical diversity of the genus Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Cited by 96 publications

References 255 publications

A Comprehensive Review of the Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Red Seaweeds (Rhodophyta)

A Comprehensive Review of the Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Red Seaweeds (Rhodophyta)

Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Gracilaria gracilis Extracts and Their Antioxidative Stability as Part of Microfiber Food Coating Additives

Quantitative and Qualitative HPLC Analysis of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids Extracted in Distilled Water for Cosmetical Uses in Four Rhodophyta

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