A Comprehensive Review of the Therapeutic Value of Urine-Derived Stem Cells

Abstract

Stem cells possess regenerative powers and multidirectional differentiation potential and play an important role in disease treatment and basic medical research. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) represent a newly discovered type of stem cell with biological characteristics similar to those of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), including their doubling time and immunophenotype. USCs are noninvasive and can be readily obtained from voided urine and steadily cultured. Based on advances in this field, USCs and their secretions have increasingly emerged as ideal sources. USCs may play regulatory roles in the cellular immune system, oxidative stress, revascularization, apoptosis and autophagy. This review summarizes the applications of USCs in tissue regeneration and various disease treatments. Furthermore, by analysing their limitations, we anticipate the development of more feasible therapeutic strategies to promote USC-based individualized treatment.

" Urine-Derived Stem Cells With The Capacity For Regeneration And Differentiation: The Importance Of Telomerase Activity "

“…Renal cells derived from human DOI: https://doi.org/10.52793/JSCR.2021. 3(3)-40 urine were converted into neural stem cells. The renal cells were turned into three different kinds of neural cell types from the induced neural progenitor cells -astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons.…”

“…The next results are looking at the cell renewal ability of urine-derived stem cells. The negative and positive telomerase activity clones from a single donor were tested as shown in Figure [3]. Urine stem cells that are telomerase activity positive generated more cells and took longer to reach cell senescence.…”

“…Additionally, it has ammonium, DOI: https://doi.org/10.52793/JSCR.2021. 3(3)-40 sulphates, phosphates, red blood cells, white blood cells, and bacteria [3]. It extremely vital to separate the stem cells from all the components of urine especially bacteria so that there is no contamination.…”

From waste to wealth: Repurposing slaughterhouse waste for xenotransplantation

“…For example, urine-derived stem cells also secrete multiple growth factors and cytokines and can differentiate into various cells such as podocytes, myocytes, endothelial, and urothelial cells (Bento et al, 2020). This attribute highlights the feasibility of this cell source for use in cell-based therapies to treat tissue abnormalities or disorders in other organ systems (Zhang et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2021). Likewise, urine-and intestinal-derived stem cells exhibit a phenotype similar to mesenchymal stromal cells and can be converted into induced pluripotent stem cells, which can, in turn, be exploited in the ways mentioned above.…”

Injectable decellularized cartilage matrix hydrogel encapsulating urine-derived stem cells for immunomodulatory and cartilage defect regeneration

“…In a recent report, studies have also shown that some decellularized biomaterials could promote the transition of M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages 46 . Moreover, researchers have also shown that stem cells possessed strong immunomodulatory properties 47 . In this regard, we have developed an injectable hydrogel and combined it with the USCs to repair the knee articular cartilage defects (Fig.…”