A Comprehensive Review of the Fate of Pathogens during Vermicomposting of Organic Wastes

Swati, Ankita; Hait, Subrata

doi:10.2134/jeq2017.07.0265

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…During vermicomposting, interaction between earthworms and microbial population can lead to a reduction in the frequency of potentially pathogenic microbes. Although considerable research studies have been performed to report that vermicomposting can significantly reduce pathogens, there is little effort to summarize various mechanisms causing this process [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating changes in microbial population and earthworms weight during vermicomposting of cow manure containing co-trimoxazole

Molavi

Ehrampoush

Ebrahimi

et al. 2020

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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Background Transmission of pathogens such as fecal coliforms is regarded as a significant concern about using livestock manure in agricultural applications.Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vermicomposting on fecal coliforms in cow manure containing cotrimoxazole as a widely used drug for cow diseases in animal husbandry. Methods Adaptation process of earthworms was carried out in two phases for 6 weeks; then, the main process was fulfilled in 9 weeks. The final weight of cow manure per reactor was 3.5 kg. 120 g of earthworms added to each reactor (approximately 280-300 numbers in the reactor). Co-trimoxazole was also prepared with a purity of 99% from Pakdarou Co., Iran, and added to the reactors at concentrations of 10, 20, 50, and100mg/kg. Organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio, as well as phosphorus content of the reactors were measured. Fecal coliforms and parasite eggs were counted using standard laboratory methods (i.e. the Iranian Compost Standard) for 8 weeks. ResultsThe results revealed a decrease in organic carbon, C:N ratio, and co-trimoxazole content but a rising trend in TKN and phosphorus levels. The weight of earthworms also increased at the end of the process in all reactors, except for one case. A significant reduction was observed in fecal coliforms and parasite eggs at the end of the vermicomposting. Conclusions According to the results, earthworms could be active in cow manure vermicomposting including 10-100 mg/kg concentration of co-trimoxazole antibiotic. The vermicomposting seems to be an effective method for reducing fecal coliforms and parasites in cow manure. As well, co-trimoxazole in common concentration could not have any effects on the ability of earthworms. At the end of the vermicomposting, all parameters were placed within the ICS (National) -Grade 1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, decline in pathogens during vermicomposting was mainly selective, and earthworms could have a different effect based on the type. This could be related to whether the pathogen was positive-or negative-gram in terms of cell wall composition [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating changes in microbial population and earthworms weight during vermicomposting of cow manure containing co-trimoxazole

Molavi

Ehrampoush

Ebrahimi

et al. 2020

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to conventional composting, vermicomposting is a mesophilic process with a temperature below 35°C, and this range enables the growth of worms and pathogenic microorganisms (Khwairakpam and Bhargava, 2009;Swati and Hait, 2018). Vermicomposting achieves sludge stabilization by the synergistic effect between worms and microbial populations (Table 2), and it has been reported that the enzyme activity and endosymbiotic microorganisms of earthworms play an important role (Monroy et al, 2009;Sen and Chandra, 2009;Swati and Hait, 2018). Furthermore, the humate in sludge and gut transport of worms are also involved in pathogen inactivation (Soobhany et al, 2017).…”

Section: Composting and Vermicompostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review

Song

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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The rapid global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has promoted concern over human pathogens and their significant threats to public health security. The monitoring and control of human pathogens in public sanitation and health facilities are of great importance. Excessive sludge is an inevitable byproduct of sewage that contains human and animal feces in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It is an important sink of different pollutants and pathogens, and the proper treatment and disposal of sludge are important to minimize potential risks to the environment and public health. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the diversity, exposure risks, assessment methods and inactivation techniques of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge. Based on this consideration, this review summarizes the control performance of pathogenic microorganisms such as enterovirus, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli by different sludge treatment technologies, including composting, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and microwave irradiation, and the mechanisms of pathogenic microorganism inactivation in sludge treatment processes are discussed. Additionally, this study reviews the diversity, detection methods, and exposure risks of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge. This review advances the quantitative assessment of pathogenic microorganism risks involved in sludge reuse and is practically valuable to optimize the treatment and disposal of sludge for pathogenic microorganism control.

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“…47 Pathogen inactivation is also affected by technologyspecific factors, including solar radiation intensity in solar drying 48 and digestion by earthworms in vermicomposting. 49 Therefore, the key factors that affect pathogen inactivation need to be identified for target microorganisms and technologies, individually. The heterogeneous nature of excreta matrices distinguishes the modeling for sanitation products from that for food matrices, and thus, we call the modeling approach for excreta matrix predictive "environmental" microbiology.…”

Section: Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Environmental Microbiology for Safe Use of Sanitation Products in Agriculture: Challenges and Perspectives

Oishi

Vinnerås

Rose

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Human excreta is a local resource of plant nutrients. The recovery of resources from human excreta and the use of excreta-derived organic fertilizer (sanitation products) for agriculture are compatible with the principle of the Circular Economy. Infectious disease risk associated with resource recovery activities is reduced by following the practices recommended in the guidelines for safe use of sanitation products. This study briefly reviews the domestic and international regulations and specifies the need for developing predictive environmental microbiology. Predictive environmental microbiology is a methodology that aims to predict the rate of inactivation of pathogens in sanitation products using mathematical models. We address the main challenges in applying modeling approaches to sanitization of human excreta matrices, specifically incorporating the heterogeneous nature of matrices and technology-specific factors into the kinetics parameters. In addition, the uncertainty in viral tolerance stems from the genetic nature of viral populations and should be considered in a model of inactivation kinetics for viral indicators. We emphasize the need for a fundamental understanding of pathogen adaptation mechanisms in developing a disinfection method for sanitation products. Disclosing a genetic/phenotypic factor underlying disinfection resistance and the consequent modification of model kinetics will lead to effective sanitization strategies against enteric viruses with varied tolerance.

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A Comprehensive Review of the Fate of Pathogens during Vermicomposting of Organic Wastes

Cited by 40 publications

References 69 publications

Evaluating changes in microbial population and earthworms weight during vermicomposting of cow manure containing co-trimoxazole

Evaluating changes in microbial population and earthworms weight during vermicomposting of cow manure containing co-trimoxazole

Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review

Predictive Environmental Microbiology for Safe Use of Sanitation Products in Agriculture: Challenges and Perspectives

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