A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

Li, Yingzhu; Tenchov, Rumiana; Smoot, Jeffrey W.; Liu, Cynthia; Watkins, S. Craig; Zhou, Qiongqiong

doi:10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120

Cited by 281 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Live-attenuated vaccines are produced by generating a weakened version of the virus with limited replication capacity, but still retain the ability to induce an antiviral immune response comparable to natural infection [109]. These vaccines typically induce both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses [110](Li et al). A key advantage with LAVs are, they can be administered intranasally to induce a mucosal immune response to protect the upper respiratory tract, the primary entry site for SARS-CoV-2 virus replication.…”

Section: Live-attenuated Vaccines (Lav)mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

Raman

Patel

Ranjan

2021

Preprint

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has been a topic of major concern to global human health. The challenge to restrain the COVID-19 pandemic is further compounded by the emergence of several SARS-CoV-2 variants viz. B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P1 and, B.1.617., which show in-creased transmissibility and resistance towards vaccines and therapies. Importantly, the likelihood of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals with dysregulated immune response or comorbidities needs greater attention. Herein, we provide a comprehensive perspective regarding ongoing vaccine (mRNA, protein-based, viral vector based etc.) and therapeutic (mono-clonal antibodies, small molecules, plasma therapy, etc.) modalities designed to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. We also discuss in detail the challenges posed by different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) identified across the globe and their effects on therapeutic and prophylactic interventions.

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Section: Live-attenuated Vaccines (Lav)mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

Raman

Patel

Ranjan

2021

Preprint

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“…If active immunity is induced by viral vaccines, it may inhibit the spread of the virus into populations, especially in patients with severe comorbidities. According to the World Health Organization, there are 186 (+2) worldwide pre-clinical developments, of which 87 (+4) are in human clinical trials and 17 are in the WHO EUL/PQ (Emergency Use Listing/Prequalification) evaluation process [73][74][75]. Many studies are conducted by studying different vaccine mechanisms using live attenuated vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, subunit, viral vector, DNA, and mRNA-based vaccine technologies [76,77].…”

Section: Immunotherapy and Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Ertürk

Şahin

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Since December 2019, humanity has faced an important global threat. Many studies have been published on the origin, structure, and mechanism of action of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the treatment of its disease. The priority of scientists all over the world has been to direct their time to research this subject. In this review, we highlight chemical studies and therapeutic approaches to overcome COVID-19 with seven different sections. These sections are the structure and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2, immunotherapy and vaccine, computer-aided drug design, repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19, synthesis of new molecular structures against COVID-19, food safety/security and functional food components, and potential natural products against COVID-19. In this work, we aimed to screen all the newly synthesized compounds, repurposing chemicals covering antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anticancer, antipsychotic, and antihistamine compounds against COVID-19. We also highlight computer-aided approaches to develop an anti-COVID-19 molecule. We explain that some phytochemicals and dietary supplements have been identified as antiviral bioproducts, which have almost been successfully tested against COVID-19. In addition, we present immunotherapy types, targets, immunotherapy and inflammation/mutations of the virus, immune response, and vaccine issues.

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“…There is currently no approved targeted therapeutics for coronavirus treatment, although several vaccines have been approved for use. Notable vaccines being administered in many parts of the world include; mRNA-1273 (Moderna) , BNT162b2 (P zer/BioNtech) , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Astrazenac/Oxford), rAd26)/rAd5 (Sputnik V), and Janssen Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson and Johnson) [18][19][20][21]. Several targeted coronavirus treatment methods have also been investigated since the breakout of the infection including but not limited to Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir (GS-5734), favipiravir and combination therapy of Lopinavir and ritonavir with the possible addition of interferon-beta [22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the antiviral properties of selected phytochemicals from leaf extracts of Spondias mombin (Linn): A computational repurposing approach toward the discovery of potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.

Boadu

Agoni

Karpoormath

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pneumonia-like disease with a pattern of acute respiratory symptoms, remains a major public health concern that is causing tremendous human suffering. There is no approved drug for the direct treatment of the disease, although several vaccines have been approved for use. Exploring medicinal plants and their phytochemicals has emerged as possible therapeutic alternatives since they are affordable and present minimal toxicity effects. This study sought to investigate the potential of the phytochemical compounds isolated from ethanolic leaf extract of Spondias mombin as potential therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. From a select list of bioactive compounds extracted from the leaf of Spondias mombin with known antiviral properties, we identified Geraniin and 2-O-Caffeoyl-(+)-allohydroxycitric acid as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent polymerase, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 viral S-protein and the 3C-like main protease (3CLpro). Analysis of the binding mechanism of these compounds is characterized by the formation of high-affinity intermolecular interactions with respective binding site residues of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent polymerase, 3CLpro, and RBD of viral S-protein, which subsequently contributed to favourable binding affinity. Using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPB-SA) approach, Geraniin exhibited a binding free energy (ΔGbind) of -25.87kcal/mol and − 21.74kcal/mol, respectively, whereas 2-O-Caffeoyl-(+)-allohydroxycitric acid exhibited a ΔGbind of -32kcal/mol towards 3CLpro. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations revealed crucial structural changes induced by the identified inhibitors, which possibly interfered with enzyme functions. The molecular insights provided regarding the inhibitory potency of the two phytochemicals warrants further experimental evaluation towards discovering novel SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.

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A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

Abstract: This report examines various vaccine platforms including inactivated vaccines, protein-based vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and nucleic acid (DNA or mRNA) vaccines, and their ways of producing immunogens in cells.

Cited by 281 publications

References 133 publications

COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Exploiting the antiviral properties of selected phytochemicals from leaf extracts of Spondias mombin (Linn): A computational repurposing approach toward the discovery of potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.

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