A comprehensive review of standards and best practices for utility grid integration with electric vehicle charging stations

Abstract

The present work presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art bibliographical review of standards related to utility grid integration and best practices of the electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The presence of a robust tuning method is essential for successful utility grid integration with the charging stations. The lack of system standardization may hamper the EV uptake as well as successful utility grid integration with the charging stations. The distributed energy resources (DER) and vehicle to grid (V2G) are going to play a vital role in the power system operation and control. The applicability of criterions within the utility grid integration with charging station area is important to the grid operators, charging service providers, manufacturers, fleet operators, and so forth to ensure safety, dependability, and interoperability. Hence, this work tries to deliver a comprehensive and systematic review of standards and best practices for utility grid interaction with charging stations. It will help the specialists of power as well as transport sectors to track down every one of the norms and best practices, which are accessible at one stage to compare different guidelines.

A hybrid optimization approach for strategically placing electric vehicle charging stations in a radial distribution IEEE-33 bus system

“…The substation transformer at bus 1 has a capacity of 3 MW. The system is divided into five zones such as Zone 1 (2,(19)(20)(21)(22), Zone 2 (3,(23)(24)(25), Zone 3 (4-6, 26-29, 31, 32), Zone 4 (9-12), and Zone 5 (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), respectively. Five distribution generations (DGs) are deployed for the five zones having nominal load 100 kW, 330 kW, 685 kW, 390 kW, and 360 kW respectively.…”

“…S. Deb et al (2019) [14] developed a multi-objective approach that combines wait periods and an accessibility index to quantify the accessibility of electric vehicle placement. Sachan et al (2021) [15] conducted a study that investigates the effects of coordinated and discordant pricing systems on index computations and cost optimization. This methodology offers a comprehensive approach to the organization and management of the electric vehicle infrastructure.…”

A Comprehensive Review of Developments in Electric Vehicles Fast Charging Technology

“…These systems often incorporate intelligent power electronics and communication capabilities to optimize the charging process and grid integration. With the charging power typically ranging from 50 kW to 350 kW, DC fast charging drastically reduces charging times to as little as 30 min or less for a full charge, depending on factors like vehicle battery capacity and charging power level [65][66][67]. The global expansion of DC fast charging infrastructure, strategically placed along highways and urban areas [68,69], addresses range anxiety and promotes the feasibility of EV adoption.…”

A Comprehensive Data Analysis of Electric Vehicle User Behaviors Toward Unlocking Vehicle-to-Grid Potential

“…Level 3 is DC fast charging at higher power levels of up to 50 kW. Also, developments of charging technology to increase charging level to about 400 kW can limit the charging time to about 15 min even for large battery EVs [39]. However, the importance of controlled charging or V2G is inevitable if the power level of chargers increases since higher power charging loads make gird peaks additionally higher than normal charging loads.…”