A comprehensive review of solid oxide fuel cells operating on various promising alternative fuels

Xu, Qidong; Guo, Zengjia; Xia, Lingchao; He, Qijiao; Li, Zheng; Bello, Idris Temitope; Zheng, Keqing; Ni, Meng

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.115175

Cited by 169 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 359 publications

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“…Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are these kinds of devices in which the chemical energy of fuel can be converted into electrical energy continuously. Many fuels, such as hydrogen, coal, syngas, biomass, and liquid fuels, including methanol and kerosene, have been used in SOFCs 10,11 . Fuel cells are well‐known for their high efficiency and environmental friendliness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many fuels, such as hydrogen, coal, syngas, biomass, and liquid fuels, including methanol and kerosene, have been used in SOFCs. 10,11 Fuel cells are well-known for their high efficiency and environmental friendliness. In SOFCs, fuels and oxidants are combined electrochemically to produce electricity without the requirement of direct burning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility analysis of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis tail gas as a fuel for solid oxide fuel cells

Wei

Yue

Hou

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The tail gas of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) contains unconverted syngas and gaseous hydrocarbons. It is usually treated at a high‐cost and low‐efficiency method, whereas it is a feasible fuel for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Herein, we evaluated the carbon deposition temperature of the FTS tail gas obtained at various reactor pressures. Thermodynamic calculation showed that the FTS tail gas could be used in SOFCs without the risk of carbon deposition. By adding 5% water, the initial non‐carbon deposition temperature was dropped from 830°C (without water co‐feeding) to 720°C. Under reforming, the syngas (H2/CO) ratio is about 2 when it reaches equilibrium states, which can be recycled back into the FTS process. Theoretically, a current of 6.5‐7.1 A per 100 mL FTS tail gas could be generated by the SOFC. This study demonstrates that it is promising to use the FTS tail gas as a carbon‐containing fuel for SOFCs. Highlights A new concept of the utilization of FTS tail gas as a fuel in a SOFC is developed. FTS tail gas can convert to syngas with H2/CO = 2 that can be recycled back into FTS. Co‐feeding water into FTS tail gas reduces the non‐carbon deposition temperature. Theoretical current densities proved the FTS tail gas is a promising fuel for SOFCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility analysis of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis tail gas as a fuel for solid oxide fuel cells

Wei

Yue

Hou

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…However, fuels containing higher hydrocarbons need to be processed before being sent to the SOFC for the sake of thermal management and to avoid carbon deposition or coking. Fuel reforming is the process of converting available primary fuels such as natural gas into the form of syngas (primarily H 2 and CO) 2 . The reforming process can be either internal reforming (IR) or external reforming (ER) depending on the location of the reformer component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fuel reforming is the process of converting available primary fuels such as natural gas into the form of syngas (primarily H 2 and CO). 2 The reforming process can be either internal reforming (IR) or external reforming (ER) depending on the location of the reformer component. ER (also called allothermal reforming) is the process in which the fuel is reformed in a separate reformer component that receives heat from an external arrangement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The most common reforming processes are steam reforming (SR), [3][4][5][6][7][8] partial oxidation (POX), 9,10 and autothermal reforming (ATR). [11][12][13][14][15][16] SR is a mature and widely used fuel reforming process, where hydrogen is produced via a two-step process: SR (1) where methane is converted into CO and H 2 , followed by a water shift gas reaction (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design point analyses of solid oxide fuel cell‐steam cycle combined system: Effects of fuel reforming and bottoming cycle steam parameters

Selvam

Rokni

Komatsu

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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In the present study, the effects of the fuel reforming process and bottoming cycle steam parameters on the design point: energy efficiency/power output of large-scale solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) combined systems are investigated. The fuel reforming processes considered in this study are adiabatic steam reforming (ASR), partial oxidation reforming (POX), and autothermal reforming (ATR). For the bottoming cycles, subcritical (SubC), supercritical (SupC), ultrasupercritical (USC), and advanced ultrasupercritical (A-USC) steam cycles are considered. The results show that the efficiency of the ASRcombined system, which varies from 72.60% to 75.07% lower heating value (LHV) depending on the bottoming cycle, is the highest, followed by ATR (61.54%-65.65% LHV) and POX (56.81%-61.91% LHV) systems. On the other hand, the net power produced by the combined systems for a fixed SOFC cell area is in the reverse order, POX being the highest, followed by ATR and ASR systems. Even though the efficiency of the standalone A-USC cycle is 10.25% points higher than the SubC steam cycle, the net efficiencies of the SOFC combined systems are less sensitive to the bottoming cycles, that is, 2.46% points difference between SubC and A-USC for the ASR-combined system, 5.11% points difference for the POX, and 4.11% points difference for the ATR systems. Parametric studies are also conducted for the oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) and steam to carbon ratio (S/C) to investigate the suitable values in achieving the highest efficiency of the SOFC-steam cycle combined system and minimum carbon deposition in the anode of SOFC.

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Boosting the Performance of La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3‐δ Electrodes by The Incorporation of Nanocomposite Active Layers

Zamudio‐García

Caizán‐Juanarena

Porras

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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emissions for the environment. Technologies such as fuel cells efficiently convert the chemical energy into electricity, thus becoming suitable candidates to achieve such transition. [1,2] In particular, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are of great interest for energy conversion due to their robustness, entirely solid structure and flexibility to use a wide variety of fuels, such as hydrogen, natural gas, and other gasified renewable biofuels. [3,4] In addition, they can also operate in reverse mode as solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) to convert electricity back into chemical energy when needed. [5] Nowadays, the main applications of SOFCs are related to medium and large stationary power generation plants, while their presence in portable devices and transportation is still limited. [6,7] One of the main reasons for that is their high operating temperatures (>800 °C) which, despite allowing high fuel conversion efficiencies, lead to accelerated material degradation and thereby shortening the cell lifetime. For that reason, an increasing research interest has grown around intermediate temperature SOFCs (IT-SOFCs), operating between 600 and 800 °C. [8] In this temperature range, the cell performance is mainly limited by the air electrode due its low kinetics toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). [9] This is the case for the conventional air electrode material La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3-δ (LSM), which exhibits poor electrocatalytic activity for ORR below 800 °C. [10] Since the ionic conductivity of LSM is extremely low (4 × 10 -8 S cm -1 at 900 °C), [11] the electrochemical reaction sites for ORR are limited to the triple phase boundary (TPB) region close to the electrode/electrolyte interface.In this context, mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) with better electrochemical properties have been developed as air electrodes in the last few years, e.g. La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ (LSCF), Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3-δ (BSCF), or PrBaCo 2 O 5+δ . [12] However, they suffer from several drawbacks, such as high thermal expansion coefficients, phase instability or phase segregation on the electrode surface. [13] For this reason, LSM is still considered an appropriate cathode for SOFC construction, despite its poorer performance at intermediate temperatures.Numerous strategies have been proposed to improve the performance of LSM by increasing the TPB region for ORR: i) the use of composite electrodes by combining LSM with different oxide ion conductors, such as Zr 0.84 Y 0.16 O 1.92 (YSZ) andThe use of active layers is a promising strategy to improve the properties of air electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this work, La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3-δ is combined with different oxide ion conductors Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 1.95 , Bi 1.5 Y 0.5 O 3 and Pr 6 O 11 to form highly efficient nanocomposite active layers in a single step by spray-pyrolysis deposition. One of the main advantages of these nanocomposite layers is that the nanoscale microstructure is retained at relatively high sintering temperatures. As a con...

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A comprehensive review of solid oxide fuel cells operating on various promising alternative fuels

Cited by 169 publications

References 359 publications

Feasibility analysis of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis tail gas as a fuel for solid oxide fuel cells

Feasibility analysis of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis tail gas as a fuel for solid oxide fuel cells

Design point analyses of solid oxide fuel cell‐steam cycle combined system: Effects of fuel reforming and bottoming cycle steam parameters

Boosting the Performance of La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3‐δ Electrodes by The Incorporation of Nanocomposite Active Layers

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A comprehensive review of solid oxide fuel cells operating on various promising alternative fuels

Cited by 169 publications

References 359 publications

Feasibility analysis of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis tail gas as a fuel for solid oxide fuel cells

Feasibility analysis of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis tail gas as a fuel for solid oxide fuel cells

Design point analyses of solid oxide fuel cell‐steam cycle combined system: Effects of fuel reforming and bottoming cycle steam parameters

Boosting the Performance of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3‐δ Electrodes by The Incorporation of Nanocomposite Active Layers

Contact Info

Product

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Boosting the Performance of La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3‐δ Electrodes by The Incorporation of Nanocomposite Active Layers