“…Among them, promoting clean energy, improving energy efficiency, developing alternative energy sources, and promoting international energy cooperation are signicant ways to alleviate the fossil energy crisis and promote sustainable development. 2 The current clean, renewable energy, mainly hydrogen, wind, and solar energy, are susceptible to the inuence of various factors such as time, environment, and climate, and have the disadvantages of intermittency, locality, and instability, 3,4 which leads to the mismatch between energy supply and demand within time and space that curbs the improvement of energy utilization. 5 Thermal Energy Storage (TES) technology aims to store thermal energy for usage across times and regions.…”