A Comprehensive Review of Microgrid Control Mechanism and Impact Assessment for Hybrid Renewable Energy Integration

Bihari, Shiv Prakash; Sadhu, Pradip Kumar; Sarita, Kumari; Khan, B. Zorina; Arya, L. D.; Saket, R. K.; Kothari, D. P.

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3090266

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Using an empirical equation, we can measure the beam, direct, and diffuse radiation or estimate the total solar radiation falling on the solar module. Month wise, daily average monthly global radiation on a horizontal surface H ga is given by (IRENA, 2012; Sharma and Goel, 2017;Desai et al, 2019;Desai et al, 2020b;;Desai et al, 2021a;Desai et al, 2021b;Bihari et al, 2021;Desai et al, 20212021).…”

Section: Average Annual Solar Radiation On Tilted Solar Panels (Witho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PR value generally varies between 60 and 80%, but it depends on the solar PV module temperature, DC cable loss, soiling losses, AC cable loss, transmission loss etc. PR is defined as the ratio of the final yield (Y f = total energy fed to the grid) to reference yield of the total energy (Y r ) that the system could have produced without any losses in ideal condition (IRENA, 2012;Sharma and Goel, 2017;Desai et al, 2019;Desai et al, 2020b;Desai et al, 2021a;Desai et al, 2021b;Bihari et al, 2021;Desai et al, 20212021).…”

Section: Plant Performance Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where NOCT = nominal operating cell temperature, T amb = ambient temperature, Gt = total solar irradiance in plane (IRENA, 2012; Sharma and Goel, 2017;Desai et al, 2019;Desai et al, 2020b;Desai et al, 2021a;Desai et al, 2021b;Bihari et al, 2021;Desai et al, 20212021).…”

Section: Solar Pv Module Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility Assessment of Bifacial Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in the State of Gujarat in India

2022

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Bifacial solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are one of the recent interventions in the widespread commercial deployment of solar energy. This study intends to analyze the adoption of bifacial solar panels in rooftop PV systems to enhance energy generation as compared to their mono-facial counterparts. The technical and economic advantages of a typical 5-kW single-phase solar rooftop photovoltaic system using bifacial Si-modules are presented and compared with those using traditional polycrystalline Si (poly c-Si) modules in the urban location of the state of Gujarat in India. This methodology allows one to find optimal performance under the same irradiation and load conditions. As the majority of terraces in this location have a surface of white or gray tiles, which have a high albedo factor, bifacial modules generate more than 10% excess energy as compared to the poly c-Si systems. Although bifacial modules have an initial cost higher than the polycrystalline counterparts, the cost of their balance of system and space is reduced by 2 to 13%, respectively. Analysis shows that a 5kW bifacial technology can generate an excess of 13 MWh as compared to the traditional poly-Si over a period of 25 years. Finally, it is seen that an optimized bifacial system that is tilted between 15 and 20° will reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) by 5.5% as compared to the traditional poly c-Si system.

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Section: Average Annual Solar Radiation On Tilted Solar Panels (Witho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Performance Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility Assessment of Bifacial Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in the State of Gujarat in India

2022

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“…Several control strategies have been suggested in order to control and manage both standalone and grid-connected DC microgrids [12][13][14][15]. In [16], the authors proposed a three-level control strategy for the AC and DC microgrid, wherein the primary control, a control strategy based on the droop method was adopted; in the secondary control, the deviations produced by the primary control were restored and finally a tertiary control, where there was the management of the power flow between the microgrid and the utility grid.…”

Section: Control Strategies For DC Microgridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Renewable Energy Community of DC Nanogrids for Providing Balancing Services

et al. 2021

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The massive expansion of Distributed Energy Resources and schedulable loads have forced a variation of generation, transmission, and final usage of electricity towards the paradigm of Smart Communities microgrids and of Renewable Energy Communities. In the paper, the use of multiple DC microgrids for residential applications, i.e., the nanogrids, in order to compose and create a renewable energy community, is hypothesized. The DC Bus Signaling distributed control strategy for the power management of each individual nanogrid is applied to satisfy the power flow requests sent from an aggregator. It is important to underline that this is an adaptive control strategy, i.e., it is used when the nanogrid provides a service to the aggregator and when not. In addition, the value of the DC bus voltage of each nanogrid is communicated to the aggregator. In this way, the aggregator is aware of the regulation capacity that each nanogrid can provide and which flexible resources are used to provide this capacity. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated via numerical experiments. The energy community considered in the paper consists of five nanogrids, interfaced to a common ML-LV substation. The nanogrids, equipped with a photovoltaic plant and a set of lithium-ion batteries, participate in the balancing service depending on its local generation and storage capacity.

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“…In accordance with the frequency deviation and the interfacial power change, the balance is directed at the planned level known as the power of the ties in the respective control areas. The frequencies and power difference of the tie line should be maintained; otherwise, this would threaten the overall stability and durability of the power structure [1][2][3]. The balance between production and demand is disturbed by one or more production units (also known as generation side) or abrupt changes in connected loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Survey of Various Energy Storage Technology Used in Hybrid Energy

et al. 2021

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Various power generation technologies, such as wind turbines and solar power plants, have been increasingly installed in renewable energy projects as a result of rising demand and ongoing efforts by global researchers to mitigate environmental effects. The sole source of energy for such generation is nature. The incorporation of the green unit into the power grid also results in volatility. The stabilization of frequencies is critical and depends on the balance of supply and demand. An efficient monitoring scheme called Load Frequency Monitoring (LFM) is introduced to reduce the frequency deviation from its natural state. Specific energy storage systems may be considered to improve the efficiency of the control system. The storage system contributes to the load rate, peak rushing, black start support, etc., in addition to high energy and rapid responsive features. A detailed study of different power storage systems, their current business scenario, and the application of LFM facilities, as well as their analysis and disturbance, is presented in this paper. According to the literature analysis, the current approaches can be divided into two categories: grid and load scale structures. This article also distinguishes between the organized aggregate system and the uncoordinated system control scheme, both of which have advantages and disadvantages in terms of technology.

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A Comprehensive Review of Microgrid Control Mechanism and Impact Assessment for Hybrid Renewable Energy Integration

Cited by 65 publications

References 66 publications

Feasibility Assessment of Bifacial Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in the State of Gujarat in India

Feasibility Assessment of Bifacial Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in the State of Gujarat in India

A Renewable Energy Community of DC Nanogrids for Providing Balancing Services

Comprehensive Survey of Various Energy Storage Technology Used in Hybrid Energy

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