A Comprehensive Review of Metasurface Structures Suitable for RF Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Energy harvesting (EH) or scavenging is recognized as harvesting energy from ambient energy sources in the surrounding environment. This paper reports a literature review on radio frequency (RF) EH using different metasurface/metamaterial structures based on split-ring resonators (SRRs), electric inductive-capacitive (ELC) resonators, square-patch unit cells, square-ring unit cells, etc. The essential parameters in rectifying antenna (rectenna) design are included, such as receiving antenna efficiency, conversion efficiency, dimensions, supporting substrate properties, frequency band, and overall performance, etc. It is noted that rectenna design using conventional antennas such as microstrip antennas, monopole antennas, slot antennas, dielectric resonator antennas, etc. suffers from low power conversion efficiency with larger size. To overcome the above-mentioned constraints and enhance the conversion efficiency with smaller size, metasurface/metamaterial structures are used as EH collectors. An introduction to EH is discussed, followed by an overview of energy sources in the ambient environment. Several hypothetical and experimental studies on metasurface-based EH systems are summarized.INDEX TERMS Metasurface, metamaterial, split-ring resonator, conversion power efficiency, RF energy harvesting, rectenna.

Meta-malzeme Yapılı Ayrık Halka Rezonatörün Performans İyileştirmesi için MOGA Algoritması Kullanılarak Üç Boyutlu Elektromanyetik Analizi ve Optimizasyonu

“…SRRs consist of one or two rings or squares which have a gap through which the magnetic permeability of a material can be created [15]. If an SSR is put in an external magnetic field which oscillates in the resonance frequency of the SSR, electrical current flows around the coil, which causes a small magnetic effect called a dipole magnetic moment [16][17][18][19]. With the outward oscillating field the induced dipole moment in the satellite radiography may be calibrated for a positive or negative magnetic permeability either in or out step.…”

A Review of Metasurfaces for Microwave Energy Transmission and Harvesting in Wireless Powered Networks

“…Structural simplicity and excellent performance are noted as some reasons for the growing interest in the application of metasurfaces for EM energy harvesting. Similarly, Amer et al [34], provides a summary of metasurface-based radiofrequency energy harvesting designs, which is preceeded by an outlining of the shortcomings of conventional energy harvesting rectennas. By contrast, the authors in [35] review the fundamentals, progress, and future directions in metamaterial-assisted energy harvesting.…”

“…In contrast with related metasurface energy harvesting surveys [33], [34], this work includes a discussion of metasurface designs for transmitting microwave energy. In addition, it provides an updated treatment of microwave energy harvesting using metasurfaces.…”

Highly Efficient Planar Metasurface Rectenna

“…Metasurface (MSs), however; are twodimensional (2D) metamaterial planar surfaces consisting of few layers with sub-wavelength thickness to provide excellent abilities to achieve a control over the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic wave [9]. The use of metasurfaces to develop energy harvesting and WPT systems is of great interest due to the high absorption capabilities of electromagnetic energy that such surfaces can offer [10].…”