A comprehensive review of hydrogen production from methanol thermochemical conversion for sustainability

Garcia, Gabriel; Arriola, Emmanuel; Chen, Wei‐Hsin; Luna, Mark Daniel De

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.119384

Cited by 197 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Finally, ethanol 100%, known as E100, is alternatively used in Brazil, and it requires major modifications in the engine systems. The investigation of ethanol fuel showed many advantages in terms of engine efficiency, released emissions and high thermal proportions, which led to the development of the widespread use of such a fuel [59,60]. This is in addition to the improvement of pollutant levels as the proportion of ethanol to gasoline increases in the mixture [61][62][63].…”

Section: Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

Elfasakhany

2021

Energies

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Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. The biofuels were compared with each other as well as with the fossil fuel in SIE. Future biofuels for SIE are highlighted. A proposed method to reduce automobile emissions and reformulate the emissions into new fuels is presented and discussed. The benefits and weaknesses of using biofuels in SIE are summarized. The study established that ethanol has several benefits as a biofuel for SIE; it enhanced engine performance and decreased pollutant emissions significantly; however, ethanol showed some drawbacks, which cause problems in cold starting conditions and, additionally, the engine may suffer from a vapor lock situation. Methanol also showed improvements in engine emissions/performance similarly to ethanol, but it is poisonous biofuel and it has some sort of incompatibility with engine materials/systems; its being miscible with water is another disadvantage. The lowest engine performance was displayed by n-butanol and i-butanol biofuels, and they also showed the greatest amount of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions, but the lowest greenhouse effect. Ethanol and methanol introduced the highest engine performance, but they also showed the greatest CO2 emissions. Acetone introduced a moderate engine performance and the best/lowest CO and UHC emissions. Single biofuel blends are also compared with dual ones, and the results showed the benefits of the dual ones. The study concluded that the next generation of biofuels is expected to be dual blended biofuels. Different dual biofuel blends are also compared with each other, and the results showed that the ethanol–methanol (EM) biofuel is superior in comparison with n-butanol–i-butanol (niB) and i-butanol–ethanol (iBE).

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Section: Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

Elfasakhany

2021

Energies

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“…12,13 Besides, chemical materials such as methanol, which is high in hydrogen density and easy for transportation, are employed for hydrogen storage. 14 Methanol contains 12.5 wt % hydrogen and is a liquid under ambient conditions. H 2 can be released from methanol at mild conditions, typically under 300 °C via stream reforming, but with the simultaneous emission of CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, chemical materials such as methanol, which is high in hydrogen density and easy for transportation, are employed for hydrogen storage . Methanol contains 12.5 wt % hydrogen and is a liquid under ambient conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ru-Based Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition: A Mini-Review

et al. 2021

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Ammonia with a hydrogen content of 17.6 wt % is viewed as a promising hydrogen carrier because the infrastructures for its production, storage, and transportation have been well established. The challenge is that currently the straight production of H2 from NH3 only works at high temperatures. To date, various metal-based catalysts have been developed for NH3 decomposition, among which the Ru-based ones are the most superior due to the suitable Ru–N binding energy. In the past decade, efforts have been put in to improve the performance of Ru-based catalysts, and the target is to lower Ru loading and reaction temperature. A large variety of support and promoter materials were studied, and advanced techniques were employed to disclose the relationship between catalytic performance and catalyst structure. In this paper, we conduct a review on the materials that are used as supports and/or promoters, focusing specifically on the carbon (CNTs, CNFs, and graphene) and metal oxide (Al2O3, MgO, SiO2, and others) materials. Moreover, the reaction mechanism for ammonia decomposition over Ru-based catalysts is described, and future works on designing novel catalysts and unravelling the catalyst structure–activity relationship are proposed.

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“…In contrast, methanol-steam reforming reaction (MSRR) with medium-to low-temperature operation (i.e., 423-573 K) is safer, more stable, and more economical (Kang et al, 2021). Moreover, methanol is a liquid hydrogen carrier that is easy to store and transport, has a high H/C ratio of 4:1, and can produce high-purity hydrogen when needed (Garcia et al, 2021). MSRR shows its significant virtues of high hydrogen selectivity, low carbon monoxide selectivity, and high conversion efficiency (Liu et al, 2016;Garcia et al, 2021), making it a convenient and effective method for hydrogen production in small-scale systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Design of Local Solar Flux Distribution for a Solar Methanol Reforming Reactor Based on Shape Optimization

et al. 2022

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In this work, an inverse design method that couples the multi-physics model for a solar trough thermochemical reactor (SPTR) and shape optimization model is proposed to find out optimal solar flux distribution for maximizing overall reactor performance. The gradient-based segmentation method is applied to convert the continuous solar flux into step-like flux to guide the concentrator system design. Performance comparisons among uniform flux, linear decreasing flux, and the optimized non-linear flux are also conducted to discuss the reliability of SPTR performance improvement. The results show that the optimized non-linear solar flux can improve the methanol conversion, solar thermochemical conversion, and hydrogen yield of SPTR by 2.5, 3.3, and 2.4%, respectively, compared with the uniform flux. This is attributed to the fact that the optimized non-uniform flux distribution enhances the synergy between temperature and reaction fields, and achieves a better match between spatial solar flux supply and local energy demand by reactions. Also, it is shown that the optimized step-like flux, achieved by regressing the optimized non-linear flux, can perfectly maintain SPTR performance and is effective in boosting SPTR performance under different operating conditions.

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A comprehensive review of hydrogen production from methanol thermochemical conversion for sustainability

Cited by 197 publications

References 138 publications

State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

Ru-Based Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition: A Mini-Review

Inverse Design of Local Solar Flux Distribution for a Solar Methanol Reforming Reactor Based on Shape Optimization

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