A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development

Soltani, M.; Kashkooli, Farshad Moradi; Dehghani-Sanij, Alireza; Nokhosteen, Arman; Ahmadi-Joughi, A.; Gharali, Kobra; Mahbaz, SeyedBijan; Dusseault, Maurice B.

doi:10.1080/15435075.2019.1650047

Cited by 78 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Overall, geothermal systems in both Resolute and the considered communities in ON appear to be cost-effective and practical solutions. Mahbaz et al [106], Kazemi et al [24], Soltani et al [22,23], and Dehghani-Sanij et al [107] reported that geothermal energy is renewable, environmentally friendly, local, reliable, resilient, self-contained, self-powered, year-round, robust, and flexible in terms of energy provision. Therefore, the use of geothermal energy systems in cold and remote regions of Canada is an appropriate solution to provide heat for inhabitants.…”

Section: Comparison Of Different Energy Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limitations of nonrenewable energy sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, and uranium [2,15,16], including the high cost of exploration, exploitation, and transportation, as well as ancillary factors such as political issues [17], have resulted in concerns over energy. Additionally, burning fossil fuels for electricity generation, heating and cooling needs is deemed a major contributor to emissions of GHGs [3,[18][19][20][21][22][23].Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a principal GHG agent, and new, long-residence CO 2 is being added to the atmosphere through fossil fuel use. The burning of fossil fuels has produced nearly 500 billion tons of CO 2 since the early 18th century, with almost half of it remaining in the atmosphere [6,24,25].…”

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Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities

et al. 2019

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The cold, remote, northern regions of Canada constitute a challenging environment for the provision of reliable energy and food supply to communities. A transition from fossil fuels to renewables-based sources of energy is one positive step in reducing the greenhouse gases from the energy supply system, which currently requires long-distance transport of diesel for electricity and heating needs. Geothermal energy can not only displace diesel for part of this energy need, it can provide a base-load source of local energy to support food production and mitigate adverse impacts of food insecurity on communities. In this proof-of-concept study, we highlight some potential benefits of using geothermal energy to serve Canada's northern communities. Specifically, we focus on food security and evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of producing vegetables in a "controlled environment", using ground sources of heat for energy requirements at three remote locations-Resolute Bay, Nunavut, as well as Moosonee and Pagwa in Ontario. The system is designed for geothermal district heating combined with efficient use of nutrients, water, and heat to yield a diverse crop of vegetables at an average cost up to 50% lower than the current cost of these vegetables delivered to Resolute Bay. The estimates of thermal energy requirements vary by location (e.g., they are in the range of 41 to 44 kW of thermal energy for a single greenhouse in Resolute Bay). To attain adequate system size to support the operation of such greenhouses, it is expected that up to 15% of the annually recommended servings of vegetables can be provided. Our comparative analysis of geothermal system capital costs shows significantly lower capital costs in Southern Ontario compared to Northern Canada-lower by one-third. Notwithstanding high capital costs, our study demonstrates the technical and economic feasibility of producing vegetables cost-effectively in the cold northern climate. This suggests that geothermal energy systems can supply the heat needed for greenhouse applications in remote northern regions, supplying a reliable and robust source of cost-competitive sustainable energy over the long-term and providing a basis for improved food security and economic empowerment of communities.Energies 2019, 12, 4058 2 of 25 and food insecurity, water scarcity, ocean pollution, and environmental threats, such as climate change, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and air pollution [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Limitations of nonrenewable energy sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, and uranium [2,15,16], including the high cost of exploration, exploitation, and transportation, as well as ancillary factors such as political issues [17], have resulted in concerns over energy. Additionally, burning fossil fuels for electricity generation, heating and cooling needs is deemed a major contributor to emissions of GHGs [3,[18][19][20][21][22][23].Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a principal GHG agent, and new, long-residence CO 2 is...

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Section: Comparison Of Different Energy Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities

et al. 2019

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“…Energy is an essential and unavoidable need in today's world and has played a crucial role in human civilization [1][2][3]; demand is increasing, with the principal reasons being the world's growing population and the general desire for an improved life quality [4][5][6][7]. Fossil fuels comprise over 80% of primary energy sources [8,9], but effects arising from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution, leading to environmental degradation, global warming, and climate change, are of increasing concern [10][11][12][13]. Geothermal energy, a sustainable and green source, is now meeting some communities' thermal and electrical energy requirements [10,11,14]; it can be reliable in the long term, is environmentally friendly [7,15], and could help reduce fossil fuel consumption [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-Doublets: A First-Order Assessment of Geothermal SedHeat Systems

Mahbaz

Yaghoubi

Sarvaramini³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Renewable and sustainable energy sources can play an important role in meeting the world’s energy needs and also in addressing environmental challenges such as global warming and climate change. Geothermal well-doublet systems can produce both electrical and thermal energy through extracting heat from hot-water aquifers. In this paper, we examine some potential challenges associated with the operation of well-doublet systems, including heat conductivity, chemical, and mechanical issues. In these systems, geomechanics issues such as thermal short-circuiting and induced seismicity arise from temperature and pressure change impacts on the stress state in stiff rocks and fluid flow in fractured rock masses. Coupled chemical processes also can cause fluid channeling or formation and tubular goods plugging (scaling) with precipitates. Mechanical and chemical disequilibrium conditions lead to increased production uncertainties; hence risk, and therefore coupled geo-risk assessments and optimization analyses are needed for comparative commercialization evaluations among different sites. The challenges related to heat transfer processes are also examined. These studies can help better understand the issues that may arise during the operation of geothermal well-doublet systems and improve their effectiveness, subsequently reducing associated costs and risks.

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“…Renewable energy resources are one of the most prominent options for the decarbonisation and means to mitigate the surging climate change problems, such as population and industry growth. In order to make geothermal utilisation popular, some obstacles have to be overcome, like social awareness, legal framework and economic competitivity [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Geothermal Fields in the South Pannonian Basin System Using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Tool

et al. 2020

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This paper analyses potential geothermal sites in North-East Croatia which is part of the Pannonian Basin System where a substantial geothermal potential was discovered during hydrocarbon exploration using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Tool specially developed for the purposes of the Horizon 2020 project: Multidisciplinary and multi-context demonstration of EGS exploration and Exploitation Techniques and potentials (H2020 MEET). Most of these sites use available geothermal energy potential for commercial purposes, mainly for balneology and more recently for agriculture and electricity generation. The case study involves five different geothermal locations chosen according to their geothermal potential, the current state of production and possible future development, including one oil field that is at the very end of its production life. Three potential final users’ types; agriculture demand, electricity generation demand and district heating have been evaluated for each of the five chosen geothermal sites. The conducted analysis should be of great benefit for further analyses which will be carried out using the aforementioned Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Tool. The performed study showed high consistency of obtained results and actual usage of five geothermal fields.

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A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development

Cited by 78 publications

References 94 publications

Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities

Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities

Well-Doublets: A First-Order Assessment of Geothermal SedHeat Systems

Assessment of Geothermal Fields in the South Pannonian Basin System Using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Tool

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