A comprehensive review of cavitation in valves: mechanical heart valves and control valves

Qian, Jin-yuan; Gao, Zhi-xin; Hou, Cong-wei; Jin, Zhi Min

doi:10.1007/s42242-019-00040-z

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Due to safety issues, hydrogen vehicles are highly demanding for hydrogen flow control, so microvalves may be a good alternative. In addition, the application of microvalves in the human body has become a trend [129], and microvalves have a good effect on eliminating effusion in certain organs. The biocompatibility of microvalve materials needs to be considered firstly.…”

Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actuation Mechanism of Microvalves: A Review

Qian

Hou

2020

Micromachines

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The microvalve is one of the most important components in microfluidics. With decades of development, the microvalve has been widely used in many industries such as life science, chemical engineering, chip, and so forth. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the progress made over the past years about microvalves based on different actuation mechanisms. According to driving sources, plenty of actuation mechanisms are developed and adopted in microvalves, including electricity, magnetism, gas, material and creature, surface acoustic wave, and so on. Although there are currently a variety of microvalves, problems such as leakage, low precision, poor reliability, high energy consumption, and high cost still exist. Problems deserving to be further addressed are suggested, aimed at materials, fabrication methods, controlling performances, flow characteristics, and applications.

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Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actuation Mechanism of Microvalves: A Review

Qian

Hou

2020

Micromachines

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“…When cavitation cannot be prevented, it is better to find an appropriate method to reduce cavitation intensity. By now, the commonly used method is to optimize the valve structure or add additional valve trims (Qian et al, 2019). Jin et al (2018Jin et al ( , 2020 carried out numerical simulations to study the effects of the valve core shape and the valve body structure on cavitation intensity in globe valves, and four types of valve core shape were compared and the valve body structure was optimized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The flow and cavitation characteristics of cage-type control valves

Gao

Yang²,

et al. 2021

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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Cage-type control valves are widely used in process industries, but cavitation can occur when the valves are used in extreme high-pressure drop and large volume flow rate conditions. In this study, the cage-type control valve with improved valve cages is introduced, and its flow and cavitation characteristics are compared with other cage-type control valves with no dead zones in the regulation process. Two cage numbers and four valve cage structures are studied. Numerical simulations are conducted, and their accuracy is validated using experimental results. Results show that cage-type control valves with valve cage 1 have the maximum flow coefficient and cavitation intensity under the same cage number. Cage-type control valves with valve cage 2 have the minimum flow coefficient but medium cavitation intensity. While cage-type control valves with improved valve cages have a medium flow coefficient but minimum cavitation intensity, and water vapor volume can be reduced by 2-8 times compared with cage-type control valves with the valve cage 2. Furthermore, for cage-type control valves with improved valve cages, the cavitation intensity, and flow coefficient decrease as the cage number and groove height increase.

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“…Cavitation is the process of the formation, development and collapse of vapor or gas cavities in the liquid or at the liquid-solid interface when the local pressure in the liquid decreases [34,35]. In early studies, researchers aimed at developing a physical model, supported by experimental observations, described the formation and growth of microbubbles seen in patients with mitral mechanical heart valve [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Study of Flow and Cavitation Inside a Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve

Gao

Jin

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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A mechanical heart valve (MHV) is an effective device to cure heart disease, which has the advantage of long life and high reliability. Due to the hemodynamic characteristics of blood, mechanical heart valves can lead to potential complications such as hemolysis, which have damage to the blood elements and thrombosis. In this paper, flowing features of the blood in the valve are analyzed and the cavitation mechanism in bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) is studied. Results show that the water hammer effect and the high-speed leakage flow effect are the primary causes of the cavitation in the valve. Compared with the high-speed leakage flow effect, the water hammer has a greater effect on the cavitation strength. The valve goes through four kinds of working condition within one heart beating period, including, fully opening stage, closing stage and fully closing stage. These four stages, respectively, make up 8.5%, 16.1%, 4.7% and 70.7% of the total period. The cavitation occurs on the fully closing stage. When the valve is in closing stage, the high pressure downstream of the valve lasts for about 20 ms and the high-speed leakage flow lasts for about 200 ms. This study systematically analyzes the causes of cavitation emerged in the process of periodic motion, which proposes the method for characterizing the intensity of the cavitation, and can be referred to for the cavitation suppression of the BHMV and similar valves.The main concerns of valve research have been the performance [3] and the internal flow properties [4]. In order to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mechanical heart valve, numerical simulation based on CFD is one powerful tool to study cardiovascular risk factors, especially those related to mechanical properties of artificial heart valve [5]. It is an effective way to improve the performance of the valve by structure optimization, which is applicable to many valves +(e.g., Tesla valve) [6,7], and the BMHV is no exception. Many works on the effect of geometric features of the BMHV on blood stream are performed by simulations in the past years. For example, it has been found that the maximum shear stress within the range of platelet activation can lead to thrombosis [8,9]. The strategy of self-adapting mesh is used to capture the motion of the leaflet realizing by user-defined functions (UDF) in the commercial software [10]. It is found that the valve leaflet and the valve pivot are continuously exposed to shear stress higher than 52.3 Pa, which can cause damage to the platelets. The problem of thrombosis can be solved by increasing the curvature of the leaflet of the bileaflet mechanical heart valve [11]. Results show that increasing the curvature of the leaflet can provide larger central circulation area and reduce the risk of thrombosis. Another way [12] is proposed by using BMHV with SH coating to reduce the interaction between blood and BMHV. Based on effect analysis of BMHV with SH coating on blood substances and hemodynamics, the performance index of BMHV with SH coating, w...

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A comprehensive review of cavitation in valves: mechanical heart valves and control valves

Cited by 35 publications

References 94 publications

Actuation Mechanism of Microvalves: A Review

Actuation Mechanism of Microvalves: A Review

The flow and cavitation characteristics of cage-type control valves

Transient Study of Flow and Cavitation Inside a Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve

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