A comprehensive review and update on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 
and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): what do we know now in 2021?

Ramphul, Kamleshun; Ramphul, Yogeshwaree; Park, Yun; Lohana, Petras; Dhillon, Balkiranjit Kaur; Sombans, Shaheen

doi:10.5114/amsad.2021.105065

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Currently, the entire world is still grappling with the scourge of the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as the spread of the disease remains unabated in different regions of the world [1]. Many nations have gone through several waves of the pandemic since the evolution of the pandemic [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials of Varied Inflammatory Indices in the Prediction of COVID-19 Severity Among Nigerians

Lawson¹,

Amadi²

2022

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Background: The coronavirus disease of 2019 ) is theorized to be associated with significant inflammatory episodes. This tends to define the severity and culminates in adverse consequences of the disease. Therefore, the current study evaluated the potentials of varied inflammatory markers/indices that define the COVID-19 severity. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of pre-treatment data obtained from patients with positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 disease in one of the treatment centers in Port Harcourt, South-south Nigeria. Data were obtained from case notes, medical review charts, nurses' charts, and laboratory records by trained research assistants in the treatment center using pretested data acquisition templates. Abstracted data were compared between the severe positive and severe negative subgroups and the potentials of varied inflammatory indices were evaluated among the severe positive subgroup using standard protocols. Results: A total of 600 eligible cases were studied. Among the eligible cases, 543 (90.5%) had severe negative disease, while 57 (9.5%) had severe positive disease. The severe positive COVID-19 patients had higher mean blood levels of urea, creatinine, pro-calcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, higher Glasgow prognostic scores (GPS), fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen-albumin ratio, total white cell count, neutrophil counts, composite neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), composite platelet to lymphocyte ratio but lower potassium, albumin, hemoglobin levels, and isolated lymphocyte and platelet counts compared to the severe positive COVID-19 subjects (p<0.05). The C-reactive protein, GPS, D-dimer, and the composite NLR ratio indices significantly predicted COVID-19 severity on the crude regression model which was maintained in the adjusted model. However, serum CRP concentrations (AUC: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.82-1.00; p<0.001) maintained a more robust predictive potential compared to the GPS (AUC: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.84-1.00; p<0.001), D-dimer levels (AUC: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79-0.94; p=0.004), and the composite NLR (AUC: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.92). Conclusion:The current study corroborates the role of inflammation in the COVID-19 disease severity. The clinical utility of these inflammation-induced markers/indices especially the CRP, GPS, D-dimer, and the NLR should be prioritized among Nigerians during the management of the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials of Varied Inflammatory Indices in the Prediction of COVID-19 Severity Among Nigerians

Lawson¹,

Amadi²

2022

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“…Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel type of Coronavirus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been the most challenging ongoing pandemic in this 21st century [ 1 , 2 ]. As of July 15, 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that there were approximately 188,128,952 confirmed cases, 4,059, 339 deaths, and a total of 3,402,275,866 vaccine doses have been administered worldwide [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 among people with diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: Current situation and new perspectives

Robert

Saeed

Dawish

2021

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

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Background and aim This review aims to report the current status of COVID-19 among people with diabetes, newly diagnosed diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, and programmatic efforts including vaccinations. Methods We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Google, and Scopus until July 15, 2021. Results In Saudi Arabia, most studies have reported diabetes as one of the highly prevalent comorbidities among patients with COVID-19. Currently, there are limited studies from Saudi Arabia on the newly diagnosed diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis caused by COVID-19. The Saudi ministry has taken several measures to control the impact of COVID-19 among people with diabetes, including comprehensive guidelines and prioritized vaccinations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telehealth services dramatically increased in diabetes clinics in Saudi Arabia. Conclusions Focused and evidence-based interventions are essential to control the impact of COVID-19 among people with diabetes.

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“…In severe cases of COVID-19, which typically require hospitalization, corticosteroids (dexamethasone), anticoagulant therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and oxygen therapy are recommended. In patients who do not improve with conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen or mechanical ventilation are indicated [102,103].…”

Section: Implications Of Covid-19/nafld Co-prevalence and Covid-19 Ph...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver injury in COVID-19 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an update

Miranda¹,

Garlatti²,

Porto³

et al. 2023

Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revolutionized the priorities of the medical society worldwide. Although most patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit respiratory symptoms, other organs may also be involved, including the liver, often resulting in liver injury. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and its prevalence is expected to increase together with the epidemics of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Data about liver injury during COVID-19 are numerous, while overviews of this infection in patients with NAFLD, both in terms of respiratory and liver, are emerging. In this review, we summarise the current research focusing on COVID-19 in NAFLD patients and discuss the association between liver injury in COVID-19 subjects and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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A comprehensive review and update on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): what do we know now in 2021?

Cited by 14 publications

References 117 publications

Potentials of Varied Inflammatory Indices in the Prediction of COVID-19 Severity Among Nigerians

Potentials of Varied Inflammatory Indices in the Prediction of COVID-19 Severity Among Nigerians

COVID-19 among people with diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: Current situation and new perspectives

Liver injury in COVID-19 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an update

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