“…Here,
denotes the generated photocurrent,
denotes the diode reverse saturation current,
denotes series resistance,
denotes parallel resistance, and
denotes the diode ideality factor. The double diode model (DDM), three diode model (TDM), and other modified models can provide more accurate models; however, they are limited in practice due to their considerable complexities [
6, 7]. Consequently, in this paper, SDM has been focused and considered.…”