A Comprehensive Overview of Antibiotic Selection and the Factors Affecting It

Patel, Karan; Bunachita, Sean; Agarwal, Amol; Bhamidipati, Akshay; Patel, Urvish

doi:10.7759/cureus.13925

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…When prescribing antibiotics, in addition to considering efficacy against the target organism(s), a physician will typically consider a patient’s age, weight, and prior antibiotic use to determine dosage ( Patel et al, 2021 ). Sex is taken into consideration when there is a pregnancy, in part to address issues of concern with the fetus, and because the physiological changes associated with pregnancy may lead to alterations in absorption and distribution of pharmacological agents ( Patel et al, 2021 ). Otherwise, sex is rarely considered when prescribing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of the Rodent Gut Microbiome to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Is Different in Males and Females

Parodi¹,

Leite²,

Pimentel³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Gut microbiome composition is different in males and females, but sex is rarely considered when prescribing antibiotics, and sex-based differences in gut microbiome recovery following antibiotic treatment are poorly understood. Here, we compared the effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics on both the stool and small bowel microbiomes in male and female rats. Adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a multi-drug antibiotic cocktail for 8 days, or remained unexposed as controls. Following cessation of antibiotics, rats were monitored for an additional 13-day recovery period prior to euthanasia. Baseline stool microbiome composition was similar in males and females. By antibiotic exposure day 8 (AbxD8), exposed male rats exhibited greater loss of stool microbial diversity compared to exposed females, and the relative abundance (RA) of numerous taxa were significantly different in exposed males vs. exposed females. Specifically, RA of phylum Proteobacteria and genera Lactobacillus, Sutterella, Akkermansia, and Serratia were higher in exposed males vs. exposed females, whereas RA of phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and genera Turicibacter and Enterococcus were lower. By 13 days post antibiotics cessation (PAbxD13), the stool RA of these and other taxa remained significantly different from baseline, and also remained significantly different between exposed males and exposed females. RA of phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and genus Enterococcus remained lower in exposed males vs. exposed females, and genus Sutterella remained higher. However, RA of phylum Proteobacteria and genus Akkermansia were now also lower in exposed males vs. females, whereas RA of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Turicibacter were now higher in exposed males. Further, the small bowel microbiome of exposed rats on PAbxD13 was also significantly different from unexposed controls, with higher RA of Firmicutes, Turicibacter and Parabacteroides in exposed males vs. females, and lower RA of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Oscillospira, Sutterella, and Akkermansia in exposed males vs. females. These findings indicate that broad-spectrum antibiotics have significant and sex-specific effects on gut microbial populations in both stool and the small bowel, and that the recovery of gut microbial populations following exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics also differs between sexes. These findings may have clinical implications for the way antibiotics are prescribed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of the Rodent Gut Microbiome to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Is Different in Males and Females

Parodi¹,

Leite²,

Pimentel³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Thus, there is a lack of information on the amount of phytochemicals released into the medium. This fact makes it difficult to compare the results with other studies that provide specific minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) [ 94 ].…”

Section: Nanofibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical-Based Nanomaterials against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: An Updated Review

et al. 2023

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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is a growing global health threat, leading to the search for alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals, which are naturally occurring compounds found in plants, have shown potential as antimicrobial agents; however, therapy with these agents has certain limitations. The use of nanotechnology combined with antibacterial phytochemicals could help achieve greater antibacterial capacity against ARB by providing improved mechanical, physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, bioavailability, morphological or release properties. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the current state of research on the use of phytochemical-based nanomaterials for the treatment against ARB, with a special focus on polymeric nanofibers and nanoparticles. The review discusses the various types of phytochemicals that have been incorporated into different nanomaterials, the methods used to synthesize these materials, and the results of studies evaluating their antimicrobial activity. The challenges and limitations of using phytochemical-based nanomaterials, as well as future directions for research in this field, are also considered here. Overall, this review highlights the potential of phytochemical-based nanomaterials as a promising strategy for the treatment against ARB, but also stresses the need for further studies to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimize their use in clinical settings.

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“…Fifth, if the AST results are reported as ≤, the antibiotics is effective and can be used, except in cases of an inability to get to the target site or an inability to achieve its target pharmacodynamic parameters. Sixth, the laboratory has more information or can perform additional testing for substitution to a cheap and oral-available antibiotic [ 121 , 122 ].…”

Section: Main Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

No more tears from surgical site infections in interventional pain management

2023

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It is not rare to find infectious diseases in patients with a common pain syndrome. Cellulitis near the prosthetic leg in patients with stump pain or diabetic foot in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, pneumonia in old, debilitated, or immunocompromised cancer patients with herpes zoster, and septic arthritis or spondylodiscitis in patients with degenerative disorders are infections in common pain syndromes which should not be missed. In addition, as the field of interventional pain management (IPM) grows, the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) is also increasing.

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A Comprehensive Overview of Antibiotic Selection and the Factors Affecting It

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

The Response of the Rodent Gut Microbiome to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Is Different in Males and Females

The Response of the Rodent Gut Microbiome to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Is Different in Males and Females

Phytochemical-Based Nanomaterials against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: An Updated Review

No more tears from surgical site infections in interventional pain management

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