A Comprehensive Method to Mitigate Forced Oscillations in Large Interconnected Power Grids

Abstract

Multiple severe forced oscillation events have recently been observed across the North American interconnections and around the world. These forced oscillations have caused power swings, limited power transfer capability, damaged equipment, and persisted indefinitely until the driving source was located and removed. This paper proposes a comprehensive method to mitigate forced oscillations. Once a forced oscillation is detected, a new source location algorithm can be used to locate the source based on the oscillation mode angle without requiring system topology information. If the source cannot be quickly located and removed, a control strategy can be activated to modulate the active power of utility-scale inverter-based battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to reduce the energy of forced oscillations to a safe level and allow sufficient time for locating the exact source. The proposed source location algorithm is validated using measurements collected during the January 11, 2019 forced oscillation event in North America and other actual grid events, while the proposed control strategy is verified using the Eastern Interconnection dynamic model under the replicated January 11, 2019 forced oscillation event. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed source location algorithm can accurately identify the forced oscillation source, and the proposed control strategy can significantly reduce forced oscillation energy.

Survey of Real-World Grid Incidents–Opportunities, Arising Challenges and Lessons Learned for the Future Converter Dominated Power System

“…maintenance, is crucial to prevent cascading outages [26], [51], [52] I2 -Italy2017 VV, PG Unusual load flow can give rise to unexpected phenomena, such as oscillations [53] I3 -China2008 BO, TN, SG, PG Extreme weather affects the cooling of steam-cycle based generation [54] I4 -Canada2016 BO, TN, SG, FD Geographically close transmission lines are prone to common-cause failures [55] I5 -Texas2021 PG Extreme weather affects demand and market mechanisms, e.g. price [56] I6 -Flensburg2019 BO, TN, SG, FD Grid services from DERs can help to sustain unintentional islands after separation [57] I7 -Swe-Den2003 BO, PG, LT, RR Unrelated, second events can cause a post-fault system to collapse [26], [58] I8 -Europe2021 TN, SG, FD Changed power flow is a major challenge during cascading events [59] I9 -India2012 BO, TN, NV, PG Lack of situational awareness can inhibit timely counter measures [60], [61] I10 -India2013 BO, TN, IL PMU measurements supports situational awareness during adverse grid states [60], [61] I11 -Turkey2015 BO, TN, FD, PG Lack of system understanding can lead to counterproductive remedial actions [62] I12 -USA2019 PG, LT Unreliable measurements can obstruct situational awareness and cause incidents [63], [64] I13 -Ukraine2015 BO, PG, LT Cyber security plays an increasing role for the future power grid [65], [66] I14 -Germany2022 LT Provision of grid services by DERs relies on safe and reliable communication [67] I15 -Italy2003 BO, TN, LT, SG Unresponsive automation equipment is an accelerator for cascading events [26], [27] I16 -Netherlands2015 BO, LT Human error can contribute to severe grid incidents [68] I17 -PV-Systems2018 PQ Bandwidth of control system interactions ranges over several magnitudes [69] I18 -China2017 PQ, VV Control design has an impedance shaping effect, which can cause interactions with the neighboring grid and lead to severe incidents [70] I19 -USA2009 TN, PQ, PG Grid faults cause fast transients that can trigger oscillatory incidents [71], [72] I20 -USA2011 PQ Switching events and gri...…”

Tracking Power Systems Events: PMU, Reporting Rate, Interpolation

“…Fig. 2(a) presents the voltage and frequency time profiles as acquired by Frequency Disturbance Recorders [20] in red and blue, respectively. For the sake of clarity, the analysis is limited to a segment of two minutes but similar considerations hold for the entire event duration.…”

Adding power of artificial intelligence to situational awareness of large interconnections dominated by inverter‐based resources

“…The online applications include real‐time monitoring and visualization, generation trip/load shedding alert, line trip alert, islanding alert, oscillation alert, and fault‐induced delayed voltage recovery alert. Recently, forced oscillation detection and source location estimation function is added [35]. The offline applications include post‐event analysis, and large‐scale power grid model validation.…”